ABSTRACT: Bivalve aquaculture is an expanding coastal industry with the potential to modify the habitat of fish and crab species, affecting their refuge, movement, and feeding. The habitat function of shellfish aquaculture is not yet well understood, in part due to difficulties in data collection using traditional methods. Underwater video was used to observe fish and crab species’ affiliations with cultured Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum aquaculture sites in comparison to uncultured reference sediment and eelgrass habitats. Sites were monitored in 9 locations across 3 regions of Puget Sound, Washington, USA, in the summers of 2017 and 2018. Of the 3038 fish and crabs observed, 98% were represented by Embiotocidae (surfperch), crabs, three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, Cottidae (sculpins), and Pleuronectiformes (flatfish). Overall, the affiliations of fish and crabs with bivalve aquaculture varied by species groups, culture type, and regional environmental and habitat conditions. These interactions varied on a scale of approximately 150 km, highlighting variation of aquaculture-ecological interactions at a scale not previously recorded in Puget Sound. Species composition varied between aquaculture and non-aquaculture habitats in 2 of the 3 regions studied. Species diversity and richness in aquaculture habitats varied regionally, relative to reference habitats. Pelagic species were more abundant in aquaculture and reference sites that had vertical structure, but abundances of demersal and benthic species on aquaculture habitat relative to reference sites varied regionally. The availability of habitats within intertidal regions, including varying types of aquaculture, could determine community structure for marine organisms such as fish and crab.

中文翻译：

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利用水下视频表征双壳类水产养殖的栖息地功能

摘要：双壳类水产养殖是一个不断扩大的沿海产业，有可能改变鱼和蟹的栖息地，影响它们的栖息地、运动和进食。贝类水产养殖的栖息地功能尚不清楚，部分原因是使用传统方法收集数据存在困难。水下视频用于观察鱼类和蟹类与养殖的太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas和马尼拉蛤蜊Venerupis philippinarum 的关系水产养殖地点与未养殖的参考沉积物和鳗草栖息地的比较。2017 年和 2018 年夏季，在美国华盛顿州普吉特湾 3 个地区的 9 个地点对站点进行了监测。 在观察到的 3038 条鱼和螃蟹中，98% 为 Embiotocidae（冲浪鲈）、螃蟹、三刺棘鱼Gasterosteus棘突肌、 Cottidae (杜鹃) 和 Pleuronectiformes (比目鱼)。总体而言，鱼类和螃蟹与双壳类水产养殖的关系因物种组、养殖类型以及区域环境和栖息地条件而异。这些相互作用在大约 150 公里的范围内变化，突出了普吉特海湾以前未记录的范围内水产养殖-生态相互作用的变化。在所研究的 3 个地区中的 2 个地区，水产养殖和非水产养殖栖息地的物种组成有所不同。相对于参考栖息地，水产养殖栖息地的物种多样性和丰富度因地区而异。具有垂直结构的水产养殖和参考地点的中上层物种更丰富，但相对于参考地点，水产养殖栖息地的底层和底栖物种丰度因地区而异。