Tick-borne diseases have long been mainly associated with forests, the primary habitat for Ixodes ricinus, where they are mostly found. However, increasing evidence shows that humans also often get bitten in gardens, parks and other habitats generally associated with lower vegetation and tick density. Therefore, to understand the risk of infection from a tick bite and thus of potential subsequent infection, it is necessary to separate the factors of risk: hazard and vulnerability, here detailed as exposure and coping capacity, and to examine their spatial heterogeneity. This paper proposes a spatially explicit model for human movement through the entire landscape and forest visits to investigate the three components of risk. The population and its movements are set spatially in three study case landscapes extracted from Wallonia, south Belgium. Parameters that are challenging to estimate, such as the probability of a person getting bitten in various environments and the probability of inspecting one’s body to remove ticks, are analyzed in a wide range of combinations. Results show that, while bites are densest in the forest, they happen across the landscape at levels comparable when summed. When coping capacity is modified, as it could be through raising awareness and improving uptake of protective measures, the most at-risk group can change, and the riskier landscape can become the periurban or the rural landscape. This model offers a platform to investigate the respective contributions of hazard, exposure, and people’s capacity to cope with the hazard. It would benefit from empirical input parameters measured more specifically for its purpose.

长期以来，蜱传疾病主要与森林有关，森林是蓖麻的主要栖息地，它们最常见的地方。然而，越来越多的证据表明，人类也经常在花园、公园和其他通常与较低植被和蜱密度相关的栖息地被咬。因此，要了解蜱叮咬引起的感染风险以及潜在的后续感染风险，有必要区分风险因素：危害和脆弱性，这里详细描述为暴露和应对能力，并检查它们的空间异质性。本文提出了一个空间明确的模型，用于人类在整个景观和森林访问中的移动，以研究风险的三个组成部分。人口及其运动在空间上设置在从比利时南部瓦隆区提取的三个研究案例景观中。难以估计的参数，例如，一个人在各种环境中被咬的概率和检查一个人的身体以去除蜱虫的概率，都在广泛的组合中进行分析。结果表明，虽然森林中的叮咬最密集，但它们在整个景观中的发生率与总和相当。当应对能力发生改变时，比如通过提高意识和改善保护措施的采用，风险最高的群体可能会发生变化，风险较高的地区可能会变成城市周边或农村地区。该模型提供了一个平台来研究危害、暴露和人们应对危害的能力各自的贡献。它将受益于更专门为其目的测量的经验输入参数。在广泛的组合中进行分析。结果表明，虽然森林中的叮咬最密集，但它们在整个景观中的发生率与总和相当。当应对能力发生改变时，比如通过提高意识和改善保护措施的采用，风险最高的群体可能会发生变化，风险较高的地区可能会变成城市周边或农村地区。该模型提供了一个平台来研究危害、暴露和人们应对危害的能力各自的贡献。它将受益于更专门为其目的测量的经验输入参数。在广泛的组合中进行分析。结果表明，虽然森林中的叮咬最密集，但它们在整个景观中的发生率与总和相当。当应对能力发生改变时，比如通过提高意识和改善保护措施的采用，风险最高的群体可能会发生变化，风险较高的地区可能会变成城市周边或农村地区。该模型提供了一个平台来研究危害、暴露和人们应对危害的能力各自的贡献。它将受益于更专门为其目的测量的经验输入参数。通过提高认识和改善保护措施的采用，风险最高的群体可以改变，风险较高的景观可以变成城市周边或农村景观。该模型提供了一个平台来研究危害、暴露和人们应对危害的能力各自的贡献。它将受益于更专门为其目的测量的经验输入参数。通过提高认识和改善保护措施的采用，风险最高的群体可以改变，风险较高的景观可以变成城市周边或农村景观。该模型提供了一个平台来研究危害、暴露和人们应对危害的能力各自的贡献。它将受益于更专门为其目的测量的经验输入参数。