In this paper, it is argued that the industrial revolution in eighteenth century Great Britain had its origins in the arrival of 100,000–140,000 Protestant refugees in England and Ireland in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Specifically, it is argued that their arrival prompted both Schmooklerian pull and push factors. The pull factor was the thousands of refugee merchants and ship owners/captains to England and Ireland resulting in the creation of the Protestant International (1550-1750). This increased the demand for tradables which in turn spurred invention and innovation among refugees (push factor) and their descendants as well as in the local population. These factors were self-reinforcing, leading in time to the industrial revolution. The result is a novel account of the origins of the industrial revolution, one that is consistent with competing explanations.

本文认为，18 世纪英国的工业革命起源于 16、17 和 18 世纪 100,000-140,000 名新教难民抵达英格兰和爱尔兰。具体来说，有人认为他们的到来同时促进了 Schmooklerian 的拉力和推动因素。拉动因素是成千上万的难民商人和船东/船长前往英格兰和爱尔兰，导致新教国际（1550-1750）的创建。这增加了对可交易品的需求，反过来又刺激了难民（推动因素）及其后代以及当地人口的发明和创新。这些因素会自我强化，及时导致工业革命。结果是对工业革命起源的新颖描述，