Since 1990, the number of livestock in Mongolia has more than doubled. In large areas of Mongolia, grassland degradation is now a problem of national concern. A survey was done of 10 herders in two Soums (Altanbulag and Khashaat; heavily and moderately degraded, respectively) to measure the animals (sheep, goats, cattle and horse numbers, sex and weights) and grasslands (species and biomass) every 3 months from April 2017 to December 2018. Rainfall is mostly in summer and mean monthly temperatures vary from –20 to 20°C. Throughout the study, the grassland herbage mass in summer was less than 0.5 t dry matter/ha, below that considered sustainable for the steppe. Herders had 200–1000 sheep equivalents (SE, 50 kg base weight), moved camps 2–4 times each year and stocking rates varied from 0.5–1 SE/ha. Female animals reached their mature weights by 4 years of age (sheep 50 kg, goats 40 kg, cattle 350 kg, horses 300 kg). Animals only grew over summer, but a significant part of that was compensatory gain in animals >1 year old. Over winter, sheep and goats lost 21–29% of their liveweight, cattle and horses 15–30%. The weaning rate was 43–48% across species. The male:female ratio (>2 years old) was sheep 63%, goats 72%, cattle 27% and horses 106%. All animals are managed in common mobs with no particular control of breeding. Areas where the efficiency of livestock production and grassland productivity could be improved are discussed.

自1990年以来，蒙古的牲畜数量增加了一倍多。在蒙古的大片地区，草原退化已成为全国关注的问题。对两个苏姆（Altanbulag 和 Khashaat；分别为重度和中度退化）的 10 名牧民进行了一次调查，以每 3 个月测量一次动物（绵羊、山羊、牛和马的数量、性别和体重）和草原（物种和生物量）从 2017 年 4 月到 2018 年 12 月。降雨主要在夏季，月平均气温从 –20 到 20°C 不等。在整个研究过程中，夏季草原牧草质量低于 0.5 吨干物质/公顷，低于​​草原可持续发展的水平。牧民拥有 200-1000 头羊当量（SE，50 公斤基重），每年移动营地 2-4 次，放养率从 0.5-1 SE/公顷不等。雌性动物在 4 岁时达到成熟体重（绵羊 50 公斤，山羊 40 公斤，牛 350 公斤，马 300 公斤）。动物只在夏季生长，但其中很大一部分是 > 1 岁动物的补偿性增长。在冬季，绵羊和山羊的活重减少了 21-29%，牛和马减少了 15-30%。不同物种的断奶率为 43-48%。男女比例（>2 岁）是绵羊 63%、山羊 72%、牛 27% 和马 106%。所有的动物都在共同的暴徒中管理，没有特别的繁殖控制。讨论了可以提高畜牧生产效率和草地生产力的领域。绵羊和山羊损失了 21-29% 的活重，牛和马损失了 15-30%。不同物种的断奶率为 43-48%。男女比例（>2 岁）是绵羊 63%、山羊 72%、牛 27% 和马 106%。所有的动物都在共同的暴徒中管理，没有特别的繁殖控制。讨论了可以提高畜牧生产效率和草地生产力的领域。绵羊和山羊损失了 21-29% 的活重，牛和马损失了 15-30%。不同物种的断奶率为 43-48%。男女比例（>2 岁）是绵羊 63%、山羊 72%、牛 27% 和马 106%。所有的动物都在共同的暴徒中管理，没有特别的繁殖控制。讨论了可以提高畜牧生产效率和草地生产力的领域。