International criminal law has developed significantly over the past 20 years since the establishment of the ad hoc Tribunals and International Criminal Court. Much scholarly attention has focused on the politics and jurisprudence of these courts, with particular focus on the prosecution of sexual and gender-based violence. This article adds to the literature with comparative, qualitative research with survivors of conflict-related forced marriage in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, revealing context-specific understandings of marriage, consent and harm. We argue women exercise “tactic agency” in captivity in ways that are, taken together, “law-making” in their contestations over the socio-legal categories of marriage. Their contestations of marriage impact the norms within rebel groups as well as the development of new crimes against humanity in international criminal law. Building on the empirical findings, we argue that prosecution of crimes against humanity and reparation programs ought to be flexible and responsive enough to capture the varied experiences of women and girls abducted in war for purposes of sexual exploitation.

中文翻译：

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非洲冲突局势中的妇女立法与“婚姻”之争

自特设法庭和国际刑事法院成立以来，过去 20 年来，国际刑法取得了长足的发展。许多学术关注都集中在这些法院的政治和判例上，特别关注对性暴力和基于性别的暴力的起诉。本文通过对利比里亚、塞拉利昂和乌干达冲突相关强迫婚姻幸存者的比较、定性研究增加了文献，揭示了对婚姻、同意和伤害的特定背景理解。我们认为，女性在被囚禁中行使“策略代理”的方式，总的来说，是在她们对婚姻的社会法律类别的争论中“立法”。他们对婚姻的争论影响了反叛团体的规范以及国际刑法中新的危害人类罪的发展。在实证研究结果的基础上，我们认为对危害人类罪和赔偿计划的起诉应该足够灵活和反应灵敏，以捕捉在战争中被绑架以进行性剥削的妇女和女孩的各种经历。