Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be one of the most common complications of prematurity, despite significant advancement in neonatology over the last couple of decades. The new BPD is characterized histopathologically by impaired lung alveolarization and dysregulated vascularization. With the increased survival of extremely preterm infants, the risk for the development of BPD remains high, emphasizing the continued need to understand the patho-mechanisms that play a role in the development of this disease. This brief review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the maldevelopment of the premature lung, highlighting recent research in pathways of oxidative stress-related lung injury, the role of placental insufficiency, growth factor signaling, the extracellular matrix, and microRNAs.

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支气管肺发育不良的发病机制

尽管在过去的几十年里新生儿学取得了重大进展，但支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) 仍然是早产最常见的并发症之一。新的 BPD 的组织病理学特征是肺泡化受损和血管化失调。随着极早产儿存活率的增加，发生 BPD 的风险仍然很高，这强调继续需要了解在这种疾病的发展中起作用的病理机制。这篇简短的综述总结了我们对早产肺发育不良理解的最新进展，重点介绍了最近在氧化应激相关肺损伤途径、胎盘功能不全的作用、生长因子信号传导、细胞外基质和 microRNA 方面的研究。