This article examines the epistemological nature, material forms, and social functions of zhentu (diagrams of troop formation) in the context of early Northern Song history. The first two sections contextualize the concept of zhentu in the new political and military institutions during this period. In the early Northern Song, the diagrams and geographic knowledge came to be incorporated into the imperial knowledge system in a more systematic manner. The third section divides the diagrams into two categories according to their forms and purposes: diagrams involving relative positions that were used for military training purposes, and diagrams combining topographical components that were used for military campaigns. The last section of the article discusses how the use of diagrams was intertwined in court debates. Their making and circulation demonstrate the changing power dynamics between the emperor and the court officials.

本文考察了北宋早期历史背景下的真图（组队图）的认识论性质、物质形式和社会功能。前两节将真图的概念语境化在这一时期新的政治和军事机构中。北宋初期，图谱和地理知识更加系统地被纳入帝国知识体系。第三部分根据形式和用途将图分为两类：用于军事训练目的的涉及相对位置的图和用于军事活动的地形要素组合图。文章的最后一部分讨论了图表的使用如何在法庭辩论中交织在一起。它们的制作和流通展示了皇帝与朝臣之间不断变化的权力动态。