Suicide is a global public health concern that affects all echelons of society, albeit not equally so. Compared with adults in the general population, incarcerated offenders are at increased risk to consider, attempt, and die by suicide, which represents a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality in prisons worldwide. This review synthesises recent literature pertaining to the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviour among prisoners, and outlines a framework which emphasises the interplay between individuals (importation) and their surroundings (deprivation). The available evidence suggests that prison-specific stressors may exacerbate risk of suicide in an already vulnerable population characterised by complex health and social care needs. Emerging data point to differential mechanisms through which prisoners come to think about suicide and subsequently progress to suicidal behaviour. As risk of suicide is determined by a complex web of synergistically interacting factors, its management and prevention demands a cross-sectoral policy and service response that includes targeted interventions aimed at high-risk prisoners in combination with population strategies that promote the health and wellbeing of all people in prison.

中文翻译：

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监狱中的流行病学、风险因素和自杀想法和行为的预防：文献综述。

自杀是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响到社会的所有阶层，尽管影响程度不同。与一般人群中的成年人相比，被监禁的罪犯考虑、企图自杀和死于自杀的风险更高，这代表了全世界监狱的发病率和死亡率的沉重负担。这篇综述综合了最近关于囚犯自杀念头和行为的流行病学、风险因素和预防的文献，并概述了一个框架，强调个人（输入）与其周围环境（剥夺）之间的相互作用。现有证据表明，监狱特定的压力源可能会加剧已经脆弱的人群的自杀风险，其特征是复杂的健康和社会护理需求。新出现的数据指出了不同的机制，通过这些机制，囚犯开始考虑自杀并随后发展为自杀行为。由于自杀风险是由复杂的协同相互作用因素决定的，因此其管理和预防需要跨部门的政策和服务响应，包括针对高风险囚犯的有针对性的干预措施以及促进健康和福祉的人口战略监狱里的所有人。