Agriculture in the Upper Indus Basin largely depends on the cryosphere, and cultivation is possible only through irrigation. The agriculture system, however, faces challenges in terms of climate, extreme events, water scarcity, and other socioeconomic conditions. Hence, a scoping review was conducted to identify the irrigation systems and coping mechanism in the 4 valleys of the basin. Centuries-old irrigation canals, water distribution, management systems, and coping mechanisms are in place. Adaptation strategies are managed by communities, and some are established and supported by government and development organizations. Successes, in terms of increased income, crop yields, and cost, are widely reported; however, evidence of their efficiency and sustainability is scarce.

中文翻译：

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应对上印度河流域传统农业水资源管理挑战的适应战略

上印度河流域的农业在很大程度上依赖于冰冻圈，只能通过灌溉进行种植。然而，农业系统面临气候、极端事件、水资源短缺和其他社会经济条件方面的挑战。因此，进行了范围界定审查，以确定流域 4 个山谷的灌溉系统和应对机制。具有数百年历史的灌溉渠、配水、管理系统和应对机制都已就位。适应战略由社区管理，有些是由政府和发展组织制定和支持的。在增加收入、作物产量和成本方面取得的成功被广泛报道；然而，关于其效率和可持续性的证据很少。