Question Suicide is a global public and mental health problem. The effectiveness of social support interventions has not been widely demonstrated in the prevention of suicide. We aimed to describe the methods of social support interventions in preventing suicide and examine the efficacy of them. Study selection and analysis We searched literature databases and conducted clinical trials. The inclusion criteria for the summary of intervention methods were as follows: (1) studies aimed at preventing suicide through method(s) that directly provide social support; (2) use of one or more method(s) to directly provide social support. The additional inclusion criteria for meta-analysis on the efficacy of these interventions included: (1) suicide, suicide attempt or social support-related outcome was measured; (2) randomised controlled trial design and (3) using social support intervention as the main/only method. Findings In total, 22 656 records and 185 clinical trials were identified. We reviewed 77 studies in terms of intervention methods, settings, support providers and support recipients. There was a total of 18 799 person-years among the ten studies measuring suicide. The number of suicides was significantly reduced in the intervention group (risk ratio (RR)=0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85). In 14 studies with a total of 14 469 person-years, there was no significant reduction of suicide attempts in the overall pooled RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.07). Conclusions Social support interventions were recommended as a suicide prevention strategy for those with elevated suicide risk. Data are available in a public, open access repository. Not applicable.

中文翻译：

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社会支持干预预防自杀的方法和效果：系统评价和荟萃分析

问题 自杀是一个全球性的公共和心理健康问题。社会支持干预在预防自杀方面的有效性尚未得到广泛证实。我们旨在描述预防自杀的社会支持干预方法，并检验它们的功效。研究选择与分析 我们检索了文献数据库并进行了临床试验。干预方法总结的纳入标准如下：（1）旨在通过直接提供社会支持的方法预防自杀的研究；（二）采用一种或多种方式直接提供社会支持。对这些干预措施的有效性进行荟萃分析的其他纳入标准包括：（1）测量自杀、自杀未遂或社会支持相关结果；(2) 随机对照试验设计和 (3) 以社会支持干预为主要/唯一方法。结果 总共确定了 22 656 条记录和 185 项临床试验。我们从干预方法、环境、支持提供者和支持接受者的角度回顾了 77 项研究。在测量自杀的十项研究中，共有 18 799 人年。干预组的自杀人数显着减少（风险比（RR）=0.48，95% CI 0.27 至 0.85）。在总计 14469 人年的 14 项研究中，总体汇总 RR 为 0.88（95% CI 0.73 至 1.07），自杀企图没有显着减少。结论 社会支持干预被推荐为自杀风险较高的人的自杀预防策略。数据可在公共、开放访问的存储库中获得。不适用。