This paper focuses on (a) a period of forced and semi-forced migration to newly established colonies under slavery and indenture in the era of European imperialism; and (b) a post-independence period of economic migration involving voluntary movements of large numbers of individuals to those colonies. It will show that there is no one-size-fits-all outcome regarding the linguistics of migration. Rather, the patterns of migration matter greatly. The paper describes past and ongoing research into five Indian languages of South Africa: Bhojpuri-Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Konkani and Gujarati. The diaspora varieties that evolved over a 150-year period fall into four sociohistoric types, chiefly involving the formation of koinés as against individual dialect persistence. Implicated in these differential outcomes are important input factors like (a) areas of recruitment and origin and their linguistic diversity, (b) patterns of migration, whether unilinear, circular or chain migration, (c) internal relations among migrants with other Indian groups and (d) varied power relations involving other South Africans. The paper also presents research on the relations and interactions between the older diasporas and new Indian migrants of the global era.

中文翻译：

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联系方式和背景：不同的流散互动和南非印度语言的koineisation结果

本文重点关注（a）欧洲帝国主义时代在奴隶制和契约下被迫和半被迫迁移到新建立的殖民地的时期；(b) 独立后的经济移民时期，涉及大量个人自愿迁移到这些殖民地。它将表明，关于移民的语言学，没有一刀切的结果。相反，迁移模式非常重要。该论文描述了过去和正在进行的对南非五种印度语言的研究：博杰普里-印地语、泰米尔语、泰卢固语、孔卡尼语和古吉拉特语。经过 150 年演变的侨民变种分为四种社会历史类型，主要涉及 koinés 的形成，而不是个体方言的持久性。与这些不同的结果有关的是重要的输入因素，例如 (a) 招聘和起源地区及其语言多样性，(b) 移民模式，无论是单线、循环还是链式移民，(c) 移民与其他印度群体之间的内部关系，以及(d) 涉及其他南非人的各种权力关系。该论文还研究了全球时代的老侨民和新印度移民之间的关系和互动。