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Ferruginous casts of bromalites in kaolin beds: microbial ferrihydrite-goethite transformation as early stage taphonomy in lacustrine and riparian sediments
Lethaia ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-21 , DOI: 10.1111/let.12455
Paul L. Broughton 1
Affiliation  

Two spatiotemporally distant deposits in western North America on differing sides of the K-Pg boundary are recognized to have accumulated innumerable ferruginous faecal-like specimens consisting of 3-D casts suspended in kaolin clay fills of lacustrine and riparian areas proximal to fluvial channels. Evidence presented interprets these specimens as organic in origin, consisting of coprolites and other bromalites (cololites), at the Readlyn deposit of the Whitemud Formation (Maastrichtian) in southern Saskatchewan and the Salmon Creek deposit of the Wilkes Formation (Miocene) near Toledo, Washington State. Comparable taphonomic processes at each deposit are suggested by preservation of identical, metre-long, enigmatic casts of the digestive system (cololites) of an unknown animal associated with the innumerable coprolites. Micro-fabrics of specimen interiors suggest that microbial mats entombed faecal and other organic entities in kaolin-rich lacustrine muds. This research proposes that microbial-induced ferrihydrite precipitation rapidly transformed into thin encrustations of goethite, encasing faecal droppings and other organic remains. Ferrihydrite-goethite-hematite biomineral sequencing cemented kaolin and quartz silt grains at the interface with the organic remains, precluding significant decay and thereby preserving external surface morphologies as encrustations. The mm-thick layers of the cemented sediment enveloped the organic droppings as rigid goethite moulds, preventing the collapse of the encasement morphologies as the organic residues were replaced by biominerals. Concentric growth layers of microbial mat-induced ferrihydrite-goethite cement progressed inward, resulting in 3-D casts. Only external morphologies were preserved, but often with finely detailed surface textures. The interiors of the casts preserve evidence of interconnected fabrics of pseudomorphed bacterial cell walls consisting of radially arranged jackets of acicular (Readlyn deposit) or platy (Salmon Creek deposit) goethite crystallites. Concretionary siderite replacement fabrics in some specimens resulted in the obliteration of the earlier microbial induced biomineral fabrics. Previous interpretations that the Wilkes Formation specimens resulted from inorganic processes only, thereby pseudo-coprolites, have been reappraised as faecal droppings comparable to coprolites of the Whitemud Formation.

中文翻译:

高岭土层中溴化铁的铁质铸型:微生物水铁矿-针铁矿转化作为湖泊和河岸沉积物的早期埋藏学

北美西部在 K-Pg 边界不同侧的两个时空相距遥远的沉积物被认为已经积累了无数的铁质粪便样标本,这些标本由悬浮在湖泊和河流通道附近的河岸地区的高岭粘土填充物的 3-D 铸件组成。提供的证据将这些标本解释为有机物,包括粪化石和其他溴镁石(cololites),位于萨斯喀彻温省南部 Whitemud 组(马斯特里赫特)的 Readlyn 矿床和华盛顿托莱多附近 Wilkes 组(中新世)的 Salmon Creek 矿床状态。通过保存与无数粪化石相关的未知动物的消化系统(结肠石)的相同的、一米长的、神秘的模型,建议在每个沉积物中进行可比的埋藏过程。标本内部的微结构表明,微生物垫将粪便和其他有机实体埋在富含高岭土的湖泥中。这项研究表明,微生物引起的水铁矿沉淀迅速转变为针铁矿的薄壳,包裹着粪便和其他有机残留物。水铁矿-针铁矿-赤铁矿生物矿物测序将高岭土和石英粉砂颗粒与有机残骸的界面粘合在一起,排除了明显的腐烂,从而将外表面形态保留为结壳。毫米厚的胶结沉积物层将有机粪便包裹为刚性针铁矿模具,防止有机残留物被生物矿物取代时包裹形态的崩溃。微生物垫诱导的水铁矿-针铁矿水泥的同心生长层向内发展,形成 3-D 铸型。仅保留了外部形态,但通常具有精细的表面纹理。铸件的内部保留了由针状(Readlyn 沉积)或片状(Salmon Creek 沉积)针铁矿微晶的径向排列的夹套组成的假形细菌细胞壁的相互连接织物的证据。一些标本中的实心菱铁矿替代织物导致了早期微生物诱导的生物矿物织物的消失。先前关于 Wilkes 组标本仅由无机过程产生的解释,因此是假粪石,已被重新评估为与 Whitemud 组粪石相当的粪便。仅保留了外部形态,但通常具有精细的表面纹理。铸件的内部保留了由针状(Readlyn 沉积)或片状(Salmon Creek 沉积)针铁矿微晶的径向排列的夹套组成的假形细菌细胞壁的相互连接织物的证据。一些标本中的实心菱铁矿替代织物导致了早期微生物诱导的生物矿物织物的消失。先前关于 Wilkes 组标本仅由无机过程产生的解释,因此是假粪石,已被重新评估为与 Whitemud 组粪石相当的粪便。仅保留了外部形态,但通常具有精细的表面纹理。铸件的内部保留了由针状(Readlyn 沉积)或板状(Salmon Creek 沉积)针铁矿微晶的径向排列的夹套组成的假形细菌细胞壁的相互连接织物的证据。一些标本中的实心菱铁矿替代织物导致了早期微生物诱导的生物矿物织物的消失。先前关于 Wilkes 组标本仅由无机过程产生的解释,因此是假粪石,已被重新评估为与 Whitemud 组粪石相当的粪便。铸件的内部保留了由针状(Readlyn 沉积)或片状(Salmon Creek 沉积)针铁矿微晶的径向排列的夹套组成的假形细菌细胞壁的相互连接织物的证据。一些标本中的实心菱铁矿替代织物导致了早期微生物诱导的生物矿物织物的消失。先前关于 Wilkes 组标本仅由无机过程产生的解释,因此是假粪石,已被重新评估为与 Whitemud 组粪石相当的粪便。铸件的内部保留了由针状(Readlyn 沉积)或板状(Salmon Creek 沉积)针铁矿微晶的径向排列的夹套组成的假形细菌细胞壁的相互连接织物的证据。一些标本中的实心菱铁矿替代织物导致了早期微生物诱导的生物矿物织物的消失。先前关于 Wilkes 组标本仅由无机过程产生的解释,因此是假粪石,已被重新评估为与 Whitemud 组粪石相当的粪便。一些标本中的实心菱铁矿替代织物导致了早期微生物诱导的生物矿物织物的消失。先前关于 Wilkes 组标本仅由无机过程产生的解释,因此是假粪石,已被重新评估为与 Whitemud 组粪石相当的粪便。一些标本中的实心菱铁矿替代织物导致了早期微生物诱导的生物矿物织物的消失。先前关于威尔克斯组标本仅由无机过程产生的解释,因此是假粪石,已被重新评估为与 Whitemud 组粪石相当的粪便。
更新日期:2021-12-21
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