ABSTRACT

Solid fuels, such as coal and firewood, account for a large share of residential heating fuel consumption in Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. Solid fuels used for residential space heating are a major source of indoor air pollution, which impose health risks. Using microdata from the national household surveys from Kazakhstan in 2018 and the Kyrgyz Republic in 2016, this study examines the factors affecting the choice of residential heating. We employ two models: logit and double-hurdle. The results show that access to cleaner and more modern energy infrastructure such as natural gas pipelines and district heating reduces solid fuel consumption, especially in rural areas. Regions with higher coal prices prefer cleaner heating, while regions with higher electricity prices are more likely to participate in the coal markets. Female-headed households are less likely to use coal.

摘要

固体燃料，如煤和木柴，在哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯共和国的住宅取暖燃料消耗中占很大份额。用于住宅空间供暖的固体燃料是室内空气污染的主要来源，会带来健康风险。本研究利用 2018 年哈萨克斯坦和 2016 年吉尔吉斯共和国全国家庭调查的微观数据，研究了影响住宅供暖选择的因素。我们采用两种模型：logit 和双栏。结果表明，获得更清洁、更现代化的能源基础设施（如天然气管道和区域供热）可以减少固体燃料消耗，尤其是在农村地区。煤价较高的地区更喜欢清洁供暖，而电价较高的地区更可能参与煤炭市场。