With growing global emergencies, child abduction became a concern in countries of origin and reception of transnationally adopted children. Improved regulations and standards to prevent child trafficking exhibit failures to ensure the best interest of children and the principle of subsidiarity. The article reviews relevant literature documents the Guatemalan birthmothers’ experiences and documented child theft, deception by trafficking networks, fraudulent adoptions, and familial coercion. Human rights and child welfare system implications drawn may be relevant to irregular transnational adoptions elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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国际标准中非正规跨国收养的影响：跨国收养制度和危地马拉生母观点的回顾

随着全球紧急情况的增加，绑架儿童成为原籍国和接收跨国收养儿童的一个问题。为防止贩卖儿童而改进的法规和标准表明未能确保儿童的最大利益和辅助性原则。这篇文章回顾了相关文献记录危地马拉生母的经历和记录的儿童盗窃、贩运网络的欺骗、欺诈性收养和家庭胁迫。所得出的人权和儿童福利系统影响可能与其他地方的非正规跨国收养有关。