A prerequisite in undertaking large-scale developments and utilisation of tidal current energy is to comprehend the hydrodynamic characteristics of the wake field of tidal current turbines. The wake of an upstream turbine can strongly affect the power output of downstream turbines and their arrangement. The structure of turbine wakes was investigated. One experiment was conducted on a two-bladed horizontal turbine in a laboratory flume. Actuator disc momentum theory, combined with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, was used to parameterise the tidal turbine. The numerical model was validated using experimental data. The degree of wake mixing improved when the axial distance was eight times the turbine diameter (8D) or larger. The influence of the arrangement and spacing of turbines was investigated at two tidal farms, one with three aligned turbines and one with seven staggered turbines. The incoming flow velocity of the downstream turbine was reduced by 31% when turbines were linearly aligned. The extent of influence of the third column was larger than that of the second column, indicating an expanding wake. Different lateral spaces of staggered turbines were analysed. Different distances between rows strongly influenced both the incoming velocity of downstream turbines and the expansion of the whole wake. The incoming flow of the third column reduced by 31, 17 and 16% with increasing lateral space. The flow velocity increased as water passed over the turbine tip. For staggered turbines, a centreline spacing of up to 1.5D for adjacent rows is recommended.

中文翻译：

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涡轮尾流特性及阵列布置效应研究

了解潮汐涡轮机尾流场的水动力特性是进行潮流能大规模开发利用的前提。上游涡轮机的尾流会强烈影响下游涡轮机的功率输出及其布置。研究了涡轮尾流的结构。一项实验是在实验室水槽中的两叶卧式涡轮机上进行的。执行器圆盘动量理论与雷诺平均 Navier-Stokes 方程相结合，用于参数化潮汐涡轮机。使用实验数据验证了数值模型。当轴向距离是涡轮直径的 8 倍 (8 D) 或更大。在两个潮汐电站中研究了涡轮机布置和间距的影响，一个有三个对齐的涡轮机，一个有七个交错的涡轮机。当涡轮线性对齐时，下游涡轮的进入流速降低了 31%。第三列的影响程度大于第二列的影响程度，表明尾流在扩大。分析了交错涡轮机的不同横向空间。不同的行距对下游涡轮机的进入速度和整个尾流的扩展都有很大的影响。随着横向空间的增加，第三列的流入流量减少了 31%、17% 和 16%。随着水流过涡轮尖端，流速增加。对于交错式涡轮机，中心线间距高达 1.5 D 推荐用于相邻行。