Axons receive extracellular signals that help to guide growth and synapse formation during development and to maintain neuronal function and survival during maturity. These signals relay information via cell surface receptors that can initiate local intracellular signaling at the site of binding, including local messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Direct coupling of translational machinery to receptors provides an attractive way to activate this local mRNA translation and change the local proteome with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we first discuss the increasing evidence that different external stimuli trigger translation of specific subsets of mRNAs in axons via receptors and thus play a prominent role in various processes in both developing and mature neurons. We then discuss the receptor-mediated molecular mechanisms that regulate local mRNA translation with a focus on direct receptor-ribosome coupling. We advance the idea that receptor-ribosome coupling provides several advantages over other translational regulation mechanisms and is a common mechanism in cell communication.

中文翻译：

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受体-核糖体偶联：神经元区室中外在信号与 mRNA 翻译之间的联系

轴突接收细胞外信号，有助于在发育过程中引导生长和突触形成，并在成熟过程中维持神经元功能和存活。这些信号通过细胞表面受体传递信息，这些受体可以在结合位点启动局部细胞内信号传导，包括局部信使 RNA (mRNA) 翻译。翻译机制与受体的直接耦合提供了一种有吸引力的方式来激活这种局部 mRNA 翻译并以高时空分辨率改变局部蛋白质组。在这里，我们首先讨论越来越多的证据表明，不同的外部刺激通过受体触发轴突中特定 mRNA 子集的翻译，从而在发育和成熟神经元的各种过程中发挥重要作用。然后我们讨论了调节局部 mRNA 翻译的受体介导的分子机制，重点是受体-核糖体的直接偶联。我们提出了这样的观点：受体-核糖体偶联比其他翻译调节机制具有多种优势，并且是细胞通讯中的常见机制。