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Challenging the Argentine Melting Pot: Peronism, Hispanidad, and Cultural Diversity
Journal of Contemporary History ( IF 0.670 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 , DOI: 10.1177/00220094211065994
Raanan Rein 1
Affiliation  

On 12 October 1947, Argentine President, Juan Domingo Perón, used the events of the Hispanidad Day to extoll the Spanish heritage in Latin America. Within a few years, however, Perón well understood the futility of using Hispanidad as the basis of a new national consciousness for the Argentine immigrant society. Instead, he opted for a corporative mode of political representation under the aegis of the ‘organized community’. This model was designed to be of an inclusive nature and to offer space not only to different social groups, but also to the variety of ethnic and immigrant groups of Argentine society. This new concept of corporative citizenship facilitated a heightened recognition of collective rights, which manifested in the gradual integration of Argentines of Jewish, Arab, or Japanese origins in the political system, as well as that of indigenous peoples’ movements. By the early 1950s, Peronism had adopted a more inclusive perspective and began to demonstrate respect for all religions. Peronism aspired to confront the transgressions of the privileged few by protecting the rights of minorities and marginalized groups. Thus, it also challenged the traditional melting pot with its emphasis on White, European, and Christian Argentines.



中文翻译:

挑战阿根廷大熔炉:庇隆主义、西班牙裔和文化多样性

1947 年 10 月 12 日,阿根廷总统胡安·多明戈·庇隆 (Juan Domingo Perón) 利用西班牙裔日的活动来颂扬西班牙在拉丁美洲的传统。然而,在几年之内,庇隆就很好地理解了将西班牙裔作为阿根廷移民社会新民族意识的基础是徒劳的。相反,他选择了在“有组织的社区”支持下的政治代表法团模式。该模型旨在具有包容性,不仅为不同的社会群体提供空间,而且为阿根廷社会的各种种族和移民群体提供空间。这种企业公民的新概念促进了对集体权利的更高认识,这体现在犹太、阿拉伯或日本血统的阿根廷人逐渐融入政治体系中,以及土著人民的运动。到 1950 年代初,庇隆主义采取了更具包容性的观点,并开始表现出对所有宗教的尊重。庇隆主义渴望通过保护少数群体和边缘化群体的权利来对抗少数特权阶层的违法行为。因此,它也挑战了传统的大熔炉,强调白人、欧洲人和基督教阿根廷人。

更新日期:2022-01-07
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