In 2013, the Rana Plaza disaster highlighted the highly exploitative conditions of the global garment supply chain centred on Bangladesh. Global lead firms and other stakeholders responded by reforming the labour governance system comprising public and private regulations. How can the effects of this new multi-level governance system on worker outcomes (wages, working conditions and workers’ rights) be conceptualized and explained? Using an inter-disciplinary framework integrating an industrial relations/sociology perspective and a global production network approach, we show how workplace relations (structural and relational workplace characteristics) mediate the relationship between the labour governance system and worker outcomes. A mixed methods research design that includes a factory management survey and case studies enables us to identify and analyse two predominant types of workplace labour regimes associated with different patterns of worker outcomes (procedural and substantive employment conditions). Referred to as the hardship and sweatshop regimes, respectively, these differ in the extent to which workers are exploited. With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, we discuss the possibility that modern slavery, the worst form of worker exploitation, is emerging. The paper concludes by briefly considering several research and practical implications of our analysis.

2013 年，拉纳广场灾难凸显了以孟加拉国为中心的全球服装供应链的高度剥削状况。全球领先企业和其他利益相关者通过改革由公共和私人法规组成的劳工治理体系做出回应。如何概念化和解释这种新的多层次治理体系对工人成果（工资、工作条件和工人权利）的影响？我们使用整合了劳资关系/社会学观点和全球生产网络方法的跨学科框架，展示了工作场所关系（结构性和关系性工作场所特征）如何调节劳动治理体系和工人成果之间的关系。包括工厂管理调查和案例研究的混合方法研究设计使我们能够识别和分析与不同工人成果模式（程序和实质性就业条件）相关的两种主要工作场所劳动制度类型。简称为分别在艰苦条件和血汗工厂制度下，工人被剥削的程度不同。随着 Covid-19 大流行的出现，我们讨论了现代奴隶制这种最恶劣的工人剥削形式正在出现的可能性。本文最后简要考虑了我们分析的几项研究和实际意义。