Dealloying, which is traditionally originated in the research of alloy corrosion, has recently been developed as a robust and generic method for fabricating functional 3D nanoporous materials. Endorsed by the unique 3D bicontinuous porous structure, they exhibit remarkable properties such as large surface area, high conductivity, efficient mass transport, and high catalytic activity, which render them as advanced nanomaterials with enormous potential for a variety of applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of dealloying and dealloyed nanoporous materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Beginning with an overview of the modern understanding of dealloying mechanisms, the unique structural and physical properties of dealloyed nanoporous materials are introduced. Then, we discuss the established dealloying techniques and how they enable the versatile fabrication of a diverse variety of nanoporous materials, ranging from unary metals and alloys to the latest high-entropy alloys and two-dimensional materials. Following that, the electrochemical applications of dealloyed nanoporous materials for fuel cells, supercapacitors, metal-ion batteries, alkali metal batteries, non-aqueous metal-oxygen batteries, electrochemical CO₂ reduction, and electrocatalytic N₂ reduction are highlighted. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges in this field and offer perspectives on potential directions for future research.

传统上起源于合金腐蚀研究的脱合金，最近已被开发为一种用于制造功能性 3D 纳米多孔材料的稳健且通用的方法。凭借独特的 3D 双连续多孔结构，它们表现出显着的特性，如大表面积、高导电性、高效传质和高催化活性，使其成为具有巨大应用潜力的先进纳米材料。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于电化学能量转换和存储的脱合金和脱合金纳米多孔材料的最新进展。从对脱合金机制的现代理解的概述开始，介绍了脱合金纳米多孔材料的独特结构和物理特性。然后，我们讨论了已建立的脱合金技术，以及它们如何实现多种纳米多孔材料的多功能制造，从一元金属和合金到最新的高熵合金和二维材料。随后，脱合金纳米多孔材料在燃料电池、超级电容器、金属离子电池、碱金属电池、非水金属氧电池、电化学 CO₂还原和电催化N ₂还原被突出显示。最后，我们讨论了该领域的剩余挑战，并就未来研究的潜在方向提供了观点。