ABSTRACT

The author argues that current energy transition is the seventh one in the long-term history of the mankind though different from the previous ones. He explains why Paris Agreement (the ‘no return point’ for current energy transition) has grown from the 1970s. He explains the role of hydrogen in current energy transition and three different paths for H₂ production: water electrolysis; methane steam reforming with CO₂ emissions and CO₂ capture and sequestration (CCS); methane pyrolysis and similar technologies without CO₂ emissions. He demonstrates their competitive advantages and disadvantages. He describes European Union (EU) vision of cooperation in H₂ within EU hydrogen strategy and H₂ section of Russian Energy Strategy. He argues why cooperation based on Russian gas supplies to the EU and H₂ production in EU at end-use in ‘EU H2 valleys’ based on mostly pyrolysis technologies without CO₂ emissions is the mutually beneficial one for both Russia and the EU: for the EU it helps to decrease low-carbon development costs and for Russia to further monetize its vast gas resources within export-oriented decarbonization. He presents his ‘win-win’ scenario for Russia–EU hydrogen cooperation.

中文翻译：

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能源转型和绿色能源：为气候和世界重新划分而斗争——以及俄罗斯-欧盟平衡解决方案的建议

摘要

作者认为，当前的能源转型是人类长期历史上的第七次能源转型，但与以往的能源转型不同。他解释了为什么《巴黎协定》（当前能源转型的“不归路”）从 1970 年代开始发展起来。他解释了氢在当前能量转换中的作用以及 H ₂生产的三种不同途径：水电解；甲烷蒸汽重整与 CO ₂排放和 CO ₂捕获和封存 (CCS)；_{没有CO 2}排放的甲烷热解和类似技术。他展示了他们的竞争优势和劣势。他描述了欧盟 (EU)在欧盟氢战略和 H _{2中的 H 2合作愿景}俄罗斯能源战略部分。他认为，为什么基于俄罗斯对欧盟的天然气供应和欧盟在“欧盟 H2 山谷”的最终用途中生产H _{2的合作主要基于不排放 CO 2}的热解技术，这对俄罗斯和欧盟来说都是互惠互利的：欧盟，它有助于降低低碳发展成本，并有助于俄罗斯在出口导向的脱碳中进一步将其巨大的天然气资源货币化。他介绍了俄罗斯与欧盟氢能合作的“双赢”方案。