Many passengers can choose among various destinations for their flight trips (for instance, a leisure trip from Asia to Europe or the US). This study tests the sensitivity of the outcomes of equilibrium congestion policies with respect to changes in airport network and demand structures. A major feature is to incorporate substitute destination choices for origin–destination passengers into the analysis of equilibrium airport congestion policies involving slot or pricing policies. The analysis shows that the presence of substitute destination choices is a necessary condition for equilibrium slot quantities to reach the first-best outcome that maximizes the welfare of all airport regions whereas equilibrium pricing levels will always be too high relative to the first-best prices independent of the presence or absence of substitute destination choices. Examples based on specific functional forms and numerical simulations are used to illustrate the main results.

许多乘客可以选择不同的目的地进行飞行旅行（例如，从亚洲到欧洲或美国的休闲旅行）。本研究测试了均衡拥堵政策结果对机场网络和需求结构变化的敏感性。一个主要特点是将始发地-目的地乘客的替代目的地选择纳入涉及航班时刻或定价政策的均衡机场拥堵政策的分析中。分析表明，替代目的地选择的存在是均衡时刻数量达到使所有机场区域的福利最大化的最佳结果的必要条件，而均衡定价水平相对于独立的最佳价格总是过高替代目的地选择的存在与否。基于特定函数形式和数值模拟的示例用于说明主要结果。