In this study, we merge the literature on homeownership regimes, which focuses to a lesser extent on the consequences of wealth and social inequality, with the literature on wealth and social stratification, which overlooks the importance of homeownership regimes in contributing to those inequalities. Within this framework, we examine to what extent homeownership regimes shape class inequality in homeownership among young adults and the mortgage debt burden that usually accompanies it. We first develop an updated typology of homeownership regimes that incorporates the role of the family via intergenerational wealth transfers (IWT) such as gifts and housing assets. This dimension was theoretically underdeveloped and empirically absent from previous homeownership typologies. Second, we employ this typology to investigate class-based gaps in homeownership and mortgage debt burden within and between homeownership regimes. This is done by pooling data for a total of 20 countries from two sources: the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2013–2014 (EuroStat) for EU countries, and the Household Expenditure Survey 2012–2013 (CBS) for Israel. Using multivariate modeling, we find that homeownership regimes in which IWT in the form of financial support is common practice increase class inequality in homeownership compared to regimes in which IWT of assets is common practice. Contrary to the literature suggesting that liberal mortgage markets advance inclusion, it appears that in the homeownership regime characterized by the most liberal housing finance system (which includes Northern European countries and the Netherlands), class inequality in mortgaged homeownership is the widest but class inequality in mortgage debt burden is the narrowest. Homeownership regimes characterized by IWT of assets (which include Southern and Central Eastern European countries) reveal the opposite patterns. We discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on homeownership regimes and wealth inequality, with a specific focus on young adults.

在这项研究中，我们将关于房屋所有权制度的文献与财富和社会分层的文献合并，后者在较小程度上关注财富和社会不平等的后果，后者忽视了房屋所有权制度在促成这些不平等方面的重要性。在这个框架内，我们研究了房屋所有权制度在多大程度上影响了年轻人房屋所有权的阶级不平等以及通常伴随的抵押债务负担。我们首先开发了一种更新的房屋所有权制度类型，该制度通过代际财富转移（IWT）（例如礼物和住房资产）结合了家庭的作用。这个维度在理论上是不发达的，并且在以前的房屋所有权类型中在经验上是不存在的。第二，房屋所有权制度之内和之间。这是通过汇集来自两个来源的总共 20 个国家的数据来完成的：欧盟国家的 2013-2014 年欧盟收入和生活条件统计 (EU-SILC) (EuroStat) 和 2012-2013 年家庭支出调查 (CBS) ) 为以色列。使用多变量模型，我们发现，与资产 IWT 为常见做法的制度相比，以财务支持形式的 IWT 为常见做法的房屋所有权制度增加了房屋所有权中的阶级不平等。与建议自由抵押贷款市场促进包容性的文献相反，似乎在以最自由的住房金融体系（包括北欧国家和荷兰）为特征的房屋所有权制度中，阶级不平等抵押房屋所有权是最广泛的，但抵押债务负担的阶级不平等是最窄的。以资产 IWT 为特征的房屋所有权制度（包括南欧和中东欧国家）揭示了相反的模式。我们讨论了我们的研究结果对有关房屋所有权制度和财富不平等的文献的影响，特别关注年轻人。