We performed a molecular and cytogenetic analysis on different Mantellinae species and revised the available chromosomal data on this group to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity and evolution. Using a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, we performed a molecular taxonomic identification of the samples that were used for cytogenetic analyses. A comparative cytogenetic analysis, with Giemsa’s staining, Ag-NOR staining and sequential C-banding + Giemsa + CMA + DAPI was performed on eight species: Gephyromantis sp. Ca19, G. striatus (Vences, Glaw, Andreone, Jesu et Schimmenti, 2002), Mantidactylus (Chonomantis) sp. Ca11, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus (Peracca, 1893), M. (Hylobatrachus) cowanii (Boulenger, 1882), Spinomantis prope aglavei “North” (Methuen et Hewitt, 1913), S. phantasticus (Glaw et Vences, 1997) and S. sp. Ca3. Gephyromantis striatus, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus and Spinomantis prope aglavei “North” have a karyotype of 2n = 24 chromosomes while the other species show 2n = 26 chromosomes. Among the analysed species we detected differences in the number and position of telocentric elements, location of NOR loci (alternatively on the 6th, 7th or 10th pair) and in the distribution of heterochromatin, which shows species-specific patterns. Merging our data with those previously available, we propose a karyotype of 2n = 26 with all biarmed elements and loci of NORs on the 6th chromosome pair as the ancestral state in the whole family Mantellidae. From this putative ancestral condition, a reduction of chromosome number through similar tandem fusions (from 2n = 26 to 2n = 24) occurred independently in Mantidactylus Boulenger, 1895 (subgenus Brygoomantis Dubois, 1992), Spinomantis Dubois, 1992 and Gephyromantis Methuen, 1920. Similarly, a relocation of NORs, from the putative primitive configuration on the 6th chromosome, occurred independently in Gephyromantis, Blommersia Dubois, 1992, Guibemantis Dubois, 1992, Mantella Boulenger, 1882 and Spinomantis. Chromosome inversions of primitive biarmed elements likely generated a variable number of telocentric elements in Mantella nigricans Guibé, 1978 and a different number of taxa of Gephyromantis (subgenera Duboimantis Glaw et Vences, 2006 and Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980) and Mantidactylus (subgenera Brygoomantis, Chonomantis Glaw et Vences, 1994, Hylobatrachus Laurent, 1943 and Ochthomantis Glaw et Vences, 1994).

中文翻译：

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八种马达加斯加螳螂亚科（无尾螳螂、螳螂科）的比较细胞遗传学以及该亚科的核学数据综合

 我们对不同的螳螂亚科物种进行了分子和细胞遗传学分析，并修改了该群体的现有染色体数据，以提供对其核学多样性和进化的最新评估。使用线粒体 16S rRNA 的片段，我们对用于细胞遗传学分析的样品进行了分子分类学鉴定。对八个物种进行了比较细胞遗传学分析，包括吉姆萨染色、Ag-NOR 染色和连续 C 显带 + 吉姆萨 + CMA + DAPI：Gephyromantis sp。Ca19、G. striatus（Vences、Glaw、Andreone、Jesu et Schimmenti，2002）、Mantidactylus (Chonomantis) sp。Ca11、M. (Brygoomantis) alutus (Peracca, 1893)、M. (Hylobatrachus) cowanii (Boulenger, 1882)、Spinomantis prope aglavei “North” (Methuen et Hewitt, 1913)、S. phantasticus (Glaw et Vences, 1997)和S. sp。钙3。Gephyromantis striatus、M. (Brygoomantis) alutus 和 Spinomantis prope aglavei “North” 的核型为 2n = 24 条染色体，而其他物种则显示 2n = 26 条染色体。在分析的物种中，我们检测到端粒元件的数量和位置、NOR基因座的位置（或者在第6、第7或第10对）以及异染色质分布的差异，这显示了物种特异性模式。将我们的数据与先前可用的数据合并，我们提出 2n = 26 的核型，其中所有双臂元件和第 6 号染色体对上的 NOR 基因座作为整个螳螂科的祖先状态。从这种假定的祖先条件出发，通过类似的串联融合（从 2n = 26 到 2n = 24），染色体数目的减少独立地发生在 Mantidactylus Boulenger, 1895（亚属 Brygoomantis Dubois, 1992）、Spinomantis Dubois, 1992 和 Gephyromantis Methuen, 1920 中。类似地，NOR从第六染色体上假定的原始构型的重新定位独立地发生在Gephyromantis、Blommersia Dubois, 1992、Guibemantis Dubois, 1992、Mantella Boulenger, 1882和Spinomantis中。原始双臂元件的染色体倒位可能在 Mantella nigricans Guibé, 1978 中产生了不同数量的端着丝粒元件，以及不同数量的 Gephyromantis 类群（Duboimantis Glaw et Vences, 2006 和 Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980）和 Mantidactylus（Brygoomantis 亚属、Chonomantis Glaw 亚属）等 Vences，1994 年，Hylobatrachus Laurent，1943 年和 Ochthomantis Glaw 等 Vences，1994 年）。