In recent years, there have been many high-profile attacks on large, relatively unprotected venues, including entertainment and shopping complexes in the U.S. and around the world. Public and private decision-makers can choose from a wide array of terrorism countermeasures. A question arises as to whether patrons’ complaints about delays, inconvenience and invasion of privacy actually translate into decisions to attend fewer such events. This paper presents the bottom-line economic impacts of terrorism countermeasures on business revenue at three public assembly venues and on their surrounding regional economic activity. These venues include an MLB Stadium, an NBA/NHL Arena, and a Convention Center. The analysis is based primarily on survey responses relating to changes in attendance that stem from public perception of the implementation of four major types of countermeasures. The surveys indicated that the majority of patrons were not affected either way by the presence of the countermeasures, but nearly all of the remainder felt more secure in the presence of the countermeasures to both terrorism and ordinary crime, which resulted in an increased likelihood of attendance. The economic impact estimates yield a small but notable positive impact on business revenues, though this outcome varies significantly across venue types.

中文翻译：

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公众集会场所恐怖主义对策的溢出效应的经济影响

近年来，针对大型、相对未受保护的场所，包括美国和世界各地的娱乐和购物中心，发生了许多引人注目的攻击。公共和私人决策者可以从广泛的恐怖主义对策中进行选择。一个问题是，顾客对延误、不便和侵犯隐私的投诉是否真的会转化为减少参加此类活动的决定。本文介绍了恐怖主义对策对三个公共集会场所的商业收入及其周边区域经济活动的底线经济影响。这些场馆包括 MLB 体育场、NBA/NHL 竞技场和会议中心。该分析主要基于与出勤率变化相关的调查响应，这些变化源于公众对四种主要对策的实施情况的看法。调查表明，大多数顾客都没有受到反措施的影响，但几乎所有其余的人都觉得在针对恐怖主义和普通犯罪的反措施的存在下更加安全，这导致出席的可能性增加. 经济影响估计对业务收入产生了微小但显着的积极影响，尽管这一结果因场馆类型而异。但几乎所有其余的人都感到在对恐怖主义和普通犯罪采取反措施的情况下更加安全，这导致出席的可能性增加。经济影响估计对业务收入产生了微小但显着的积极影响，尽管这一结果因场馆类型而异。但几乎所有其余的人都感到在对恐怖主义和普通犯罪采取反措施的情况下更加安全，这导致出席的可能性增加。经济影响估计对业务收入产生了微小但显着的积极影响，尽管这一结果因场馆类型而异。