The study deals with the growth pattern, mortality, and reproduction of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). A total of 580 fish specimens were sampled monthly from October 2017 to September 2018. The total length of all sampled individuals ranged from 11.1 to 29.5 cm, corresponding to ages from 1 to 3 years. The length–weight relationship was expressed as W = 0.022 TL2.6838, where the slope indicated negative allometric growth. Growth parameters were L∞ = 33.7 cm, k = 0.48, and t0 = −0.18 for all samples. A seasonally oscillating growth model, indicating the amplitude of oscillations, revealed an important seasonal growth pattern. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were calculated as 1.42, 0.47, and 1.01, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E = 0.68) indicates that the fishing pressure on the common sole in the Sea of Marmara was high. The sex ratio (♀/♂) was 1.18. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females showed that two main spawning seasons were observed: one in spring (May) and one in autumn (September–October). Sizes at the onset of sexual maturity were estimated for both females and males at 21.6 and 18.6 cm, respectively.

中文翻译：

---

土耳其马尔马拉海普通鳎鱼的生长模式、死亡率和生殖生物学（Linneaus，1758 年）

该研究涉及来自马尔马拉海（土耳其）的普通比目鱼 Solea solea（Linneaus，1758 年）的生长模式、死亡率和繁殖。从 2017 年 10 月到 2018 年 9 月，每月共采集 580 条鱼标本。所有采样个体的总长度范围为 11.1 至 29.5 厘米，对应年龄为 1 至 3 岁。长度-重量关系表示为 W = 0.022 TL2.6838，其中斜率表示负异速生长。所有样品的生长参数为 L∞ = 33.7 cm、k = 0.48 和 t0 = -0.18。显示振荡幅度的季节性振荡增长模型揭示了重要的季节性增长模式。总死亡率、自然死亡率和捕捞死亡率分别计算为 1.42、0.47 和 1.01。开发率（E = 0. 68) 表明马尔马拉海普通鳎鱼的捕捞压力很大。性别比（♀/♂）为1.18。雌性的性腺体指数 (GSI) 显示观察到两个主要产卵季节：一个在春季（5 月）和一个在秋季（9 月至 10 月）。估计女性和男性在性成熟开始时的大小分别为 21.6 和 18.6 厘米。