Relying on longitudinal micro data from rural Spain between 1750 and 1950, this article evidences that families mortally neglected a significant fraction of their female babies. Firstly, baptism records exhibited exceptionally high sex ratios at birth until the late nineteenth century. Secondly, having no previous male siblings increased the probability of male baptisms. Likewise, this same feature, together with the number of siblings alive, also increased female mortality during the first day of life. These findings are concentrated at higher parities and among landless and semi-landless families. Lastly, under-registration cannot explain these patterns affecting female mortality shortly after birth.

中文翻译：

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死亡、性和生育力：1750-1950 年西班牙农村杀害女婴

本文依靠 1750 年至 1950 年间西班牙农村地区的纵向微观数据，证明了家庭严重忽视了很大一部分女婴。首先，直到 19 世纪末，洗礼记录显示出生时的性别比例异常高。其次，没有以前的男性兄弟姐妹增加了男性洗礼的可能性。同样，这一特征以及活着的兄弟姐妹的数量也增加了女性在生命第一天的死亡率。这些发现集中在更高的平价以及无地和半无地家庭中。最后，登记不足无法解释这些影响出生后不久的女性死亡率的模式。