In 2012, Brazilian public universities were mandated to use affirmative action policies for candidates from racial and income minorities. We show that the policy makes the students’ affirmative action status a strategic choice and may reject high-achieving minority students while admitting low-achieving majority students. Empirical data shows evidence consistent with this type of unfairness in more than 49 percent of the programs. We propose a selection criterion and an incentive-compatible mechanism that, for a wider range of similar problems and the one in Brazil in particular, is fair and removes any gain from strategizing over the privileges claimed. (JEL I23, O15, I28, J15, D82, H52)

中文翻译：

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具有多维特权的大学录取：巴西平权行动案例

2012 年，巴西公立大学被授权对来自种族和收入少数群体的候选人使用平权行动政策。我们表明，该政策使学生的平权行动状态成为一种战略选择，并且可能会拒绝成绩优异的少数族裔学生，同时录取成绩不佳的多数派学生。实证数据显示，在超过 49% 的项目中，证据与此类不公平现象一致。我们提出了一个选择标准和一个激励兼容的机制，对于更广泛的类似问题，特别是巴西的问题，它是公平的，并且消除了对声称的特权制定战略的任何收益。（JEL I23、O15、I28、J15、D82、H52）