Electrospinning is a relatively simple technique for producing continuous fibers of various sizes and morphologies. In this study, an intrinsically hydrophilic poly(3-hydroxybutarate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biopolymer strain was electrospun from a solution under optimal processing conditions to produce bilayers of beadless micro-fibers and beaded nano-fibers. The fibrous mats produced from the pure PHBV solution exhibited hydrophilicity with complete wetting. Incorporation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treated silica into the electrospinning solutions resulted in a non-wetting state with increased fiber roughness and enhanced porosity; however, the fiber mats displayed high water droplet-adhesion. The SiO2–incorporated fibrous mats were then treated with stearic acid at an activation temperature of 80 °C. This treatment caused fiber surface plasticization, creating a tertiary hierarchical roughness owing to the interaction of PHBV chains with the polar carboxyl groups of the stearic acid. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the influence of the electrospinning process parameters and the incorporation of nanoparticles on surface morphology of the fibers; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the incorporation of SiO2 and the interaction of stearic acid with PHBV at various concentrations. The chemical interaction between stearic acid and PHBV was confirmed, while SiO2 nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the PHBV fibers at concentrations up to 4.5% by weight. The incorporation of nanoparticles and plasticization altered the thermal properties of PHBV and a decrease in crystalline fraction was observed. The stearic acid modified bilayers produced from the micro-nano-fibrous composites showed very low water droplet sticking, a roll off angle of approximately 4° and a high static contact angle of approximately 155° were achieved.

中文翻译：

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静电纺丝法制备 PHBV-SiO2 生物聚合物复合材料的超疏水微纳米纤维

静电纺丝是一种相对简单的技术，用于生产各种尺寸和形态的连续纤维。在这项研究中，在最佳加工条件下从溶液中静电纺丝一种本质上亲水的聚 (3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯) (PHBV) 生物聚合物菌株，以生产双层无珠微纤维和珠状纳米纤维。由纯 PHBV 溶液生产的纤维垫表现出完全润湿的亲水性。在静电纺丝溶液中加入聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 处理的二氧化硅会导致非润湿状态，纤维粗糙度和孔隙率增加；然而，纤维垫显示出高水滴附着力。然后在 80 °C 的活化温度下用硬脂酸处理掺入 SiO2 的纤维垫。这种处理导致纤维表面塑化，由于 PHBV 链与硬脂酸的极性羧基的相互作用而产生了三级粗糙度。扫描电子显微镜用于评估静电纺丝工艺参数和纳米颗粒掺入对纤维表面形态的影响；能量色散 X 射线光谱证实了 SiO2 纳米颗粒的存在。傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了 SiO2 的掺入以及不同浓度下硬脂酸与 PHBV 的相互作用。硬脂酸和 PHBV 之间的化学相互作用得到证实，而 SiO2 纳米颗粒成功地掺入到 PHBV 纤维中，浓度高达 4.5%（重量）。纳米颗粒的掺入和增塑改变了 PHBV 的热性能，并观察到结晶部分的减少。由微纳米纤维复合材料生产的硬脂酸改性双层显示出非常低的水滴粘附，实现了约 4° 的滚降角和约 155° 的高静态接触角。