Rivalry, a relational competition, is known to increase motivation and performance. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis that examines the effect sizes is lacking. Further, most research on this topic has not considered the type of rivalry (individual versus collective) and the research field as potential moderators. We conducted a wide-scale search, looking for rivalry and performance studies, which yielded 22 papers (k = 35) with 27,771 observations that were systematically reviewed. Eighteen papers (k = 28) were eligible for a further meta-analysis, including a total of 26,215 observations. The systematic review indicated that rivalry is usually positively related to performance. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that this effect is significant and that the relationship between rivalry and performance is more robust for individual rivalry compared to group rivalry. Further analyses indicated that for group rivalry, correlations are positive and significant only in the domains of sports and donation-raising. Plain Text Abstract Rivalry is a unique and common type of competition in which the competing parties have longstanding relationships. When rivalry is present, the competing actors have an increased desire to win and invest extra effort into the competition, leading to enhanced performance. However, an integration of studies that examine the effects of rivalry, as a relational competition, is lacking. Here, we scanned studies from diverse research fields that claimed to measure rivalry and actor's performance. We considered only research that specifically measured rivalry as a relational competition and its association with performance. We systematically reviewed eligible studies and found that, generally, rivalry is positively related to performance. We then performed a meta-analysis that confirmed that this relationship is statistically significant. We further found that this relationship is more robust for rivalries in the context of individuals compared to groups. The association between rivalry and performance is most prominent in certain domains, such as sports rivalry. These findings can guide scholars in designing research on rivalry. Specifically, considering the various effect sizes found here in different contexts of rivalry will allow researchers to plan for more appropriate sample sizes designed to reveal the relationship between rivalry and performance in a targeted domain. Further, these results can inform managers about the effects of rivalries in or between their organizations, distinguishing among the different contexts of rivalries and their specific outcomes.

众所周知，竞争是一种关系性竞争，可以提高动力和绩效。然而，缺乏检查效果大小的系统评价和荟萃分析。此外，关于该主题的大多数研究并未将竞争类型（个人与集体）和研究领域视为潜在的调节者。我们进行了大规模搜索，寻找竞争和绩效研究，产生了 22 篇论文 (k = 35)，其中包含 27,771 个观察结果，这些观察结果被系统审查。18 篇论文 (k = 28) 有资格进行进一步的荟萃分析，包括总共 26,215 次观察。系统评价表明，竞争通常与绩效呈正相关。荟萃分析的结果显示，这种影响是显着的，并且与团体竞争相比，个人竞争与绩效之间的关系更为稳健。进一步分析表明，对于群体竞争，相关性仅在体育和募捐领域呈正相关且显着。纯文本摘要竞争是一种独特而常见的竞争类型，竞争各方之间存在长期关系。当存在竞争时，竞争的演员会更加渴望获胜并在比赛中投入额外的精力，从而提高表现。然而，缺乏将竞争作为关系竞争的影响的研究整合。在这里，我们浏览了来自不同研究领域的研究，这些研究声称可以衡量竞争和演员的表现。我们只考虑将竞争专门衡量为关系竞争及其与绩效的关联的研究。我们系统地回顾了符合条件的研究，发现一般来说，竞争与绩效呈正相关。然后，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，证实这种关系具有统计学意义。我们进一步发现，与群体相比，这种关系对于个人背景下的竞争更为稳健。竞争和表现之间的关联在某些领域最为突出，例如体育竞争。这些发现可以指导学者设计竞争研究。具体来说，考虑到在不同竞争环境中发现的各种效应量，研究人员将能够规划更合适的样本量，旨在揭示目标领域的竞争和绩效之间的关系。此外，这些结果可以让管理者了解其组织内部或组织之间竞争的影响，区分不同的竞争背景及其具体结果。竞争和表现之间的关联在某些领域最为突出，例如体育竞争。这些发现可以指导学者设计竞争研究。具体来说，考虑到在不同竞争环境中发现的各种效应量，研究人员将能够规划更合适的样本量，旨在揭示目标领域的竞争和绩效之间的关系。此外，这些结果可以让管理者了解其组织内部或组织之间竞争的影响，区分不同的竞争背景及其具体结果。竞争和表现之间的关联在某些领域最为突出，例如体育竞争。这些发现可以指导学者设计竞争研究。具体来说，考虑到在不同竞争环境中发现的各种效应量，研究人员将能够规划更合适的样本量，旨在揭示目标领域的竞争和绩效之间的关系。此外，这些结果可以让管理者了解其组织内部或组织之间竞争的影响，区分不同的竞争背景及其具体结果。考虑到在不同竞争环境中发现的各种效应量，研究人员可以规划更合适的样本量，以揭示目标领域的竞争和绩效之间的关系。此外，这些结果可以让管理者了解其组织内部或组织之间竞争的影响，区分不同的竞争背景及其具体结果。考虑到在不同竞争环境中发现的各种效应量，研究人员可以规划更合适的样本量，以揭示目标领域的竞争和绩效之间的关系。此外，这些结果可以让管理者了解其组织内部或组织之间竞争的影响，区分不同的竞争背景及其具体结果。