The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged the healthcare community worldwide. The SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system; however, strong evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be neuroinvasive, resulting in several neurological complications. It was previously assumed that some coronaviruses are involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology via various mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in coronavirus-induced central demyelination are complex and largely redundant. Molecular mimicry was proposed to be one of the possible mechanisms. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier, dysregulation in several inflammatory cytokines, and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases were also thought to induce central demyelinating pathology. This raises a question about the possible role of SARS-CoV-2 as a novel risk factor for MS.
Neuroimmunomodulation

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2 感染会成为多发性硬化症的新危险因素吗？

新型严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的爆发给全球医疗界带来了挑战。SARS-CoV-2 主要影响呼吸系统；然而，强有力的证据表明 SARS-CoV-2 可能具有神经侵袭性，导致多种神经系统并发症。先前假设某些冠状病毒通过各种机制参与多发性硬化症 (MS) 病理学。冠状病毒引起的中枢脱髓鞘所涉及的机制很复杂，而且在很大程度上是多余的。分子拟态被认为是可能的机制之一。血脑屏障的破坏、几种炎症细胞因子的失调和基质金属蛋白酶的上调也被认为会诱发中枢性脱髓鞘病变。
神经免疫调节