This paper seeks to make two distinctive sets of contributions through a supplementary reinterpretation of Max Weber in the light of Charles Taylor’s expressivist-hermeneutical theory of human agency. First, it offers a reinterpretation of Weber’s work. Focussing on the concept of stance, the paper highlights that Weber’s theorising on values and their relation to cognition, action and identity is less underpinned by subjectivism, representationalism, emotivism and decisionism than is typically thought. Instead, Weber sets values within a non-naturalist dimension where agents find their bearings and are constituted as such. In this dimension, orientation to meaning takes place; identity, action and thought are constituted; and normative experiences (such as freedom, or responsibility) are made possible. Weber recognised that this non-naturalist dimension has variegated modes, but seemingly studied them in their purest and most logical form (the ‘ideal type’), hence his focus on explicit belief systems and world-images. Second, there is a prospective supplementation of Weber’s theory through Taylor’s notion of expression. For Taylor, we take a stance and orient ourselves expressively through the domain of strongly valued meanings. The notions of strong evaluation and articulation prove central to understanding embodied, symbolic and representational meaning-orientation in the non-naturalist dimensions of values. This supplementary reading places Weber as a central figure in current American, British and French debates about, respectively, the normative nature of human agency; the question of culture, meaning and their different forms and modes of operation; and the question of how to examine identity-formation.

本文试图根据查尔斯·泰勒的人类能动性表现主义解释理论，通过对马克斯·韦伯的补充重新解释，做出两组独特的贡献。首先，它重新诠释了韦伯的作品。本文着重于立场的概念，强调韦伯关于价值观及其与认知、行动和身份的关系的理论不像通常认为的那样受到主观主义、再现主义、情感主义和决策主义的支持。取而代之的是，韦伯在非自然主义维度内设定价值，在该维度中，代理人找到了自己的方向并如此构成。在这个维度中，发生了对意义的定向。身份、行动和思想是构成的；规范经验（如自由或责任）成为可能。韦伯认识到这个非自然主义维度有多种模式，但似乎以最纯粹和最合乎逻辑的形式（“理想类型”）研究它们，因此他专注于明确的信仰体系和世界形象。其次，通过泰勒的表达概念对韦伯的理论有一个前瞻性的补充。对于泰勒，我们采取立场并定位自己通过具有强烈价值的意义的领域来表达。强有力的评价和表达的概念被证明是理解非自然主义价值维度中体现的、象征性的和代表性的意义取向的核心。这本补充读物将韦伯置于当前美国、英国和法国关于人类能动性规范性质的辩论中的核心人物；文化、意义及其不同形式和运作方式的问题；以及如何检验身份形成的问题。