Breathing is a vital rhythmic motor behavior with a surprisingly broad influence on the brain and body. The apparent simplicity of breathing belies a complex neural control system, the breathing central pattern generator (bCPG), that exhibits diverse operational modes to regulate gas exchange and coordinate breathing with an array of behaviors. In this review, we focus on selected advances in our understanding of the bCPG. At the core of the bCPG is the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), which drives inspiratory rhythm via an unexpectedly sophisticated emergent mechanism. Synchronization dynamics underlying preBötC rhythmogenesis imbue the system with robustness and lability. These dynamics are modulated by inputs from throughout the brain and generate rhythmic, patterned activity that is widely distributed. The connectivity and an emerging literature support a link between breathing, emotion, and cognition that is becoming experimentally tractable. These advances bring great potential for elucidating function and dysfunction in breathing and other mammalian neural circuits.

中文翻译：

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呼吸节奏和模式及其对情绪的影响

呼吸是一种重要的节律性运动行为，对大脑和身体有着惊人的广泛影响。呼吸表面上的简单性掩盖了复杂的神经控制系统，即呼吸中枢模式发生器（bCPG），该系统表现出多种操作模式来调节气体交换并协调呼吸与一系列行为。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注我们对 bCPG 理解的选定进展。 bCPG 的核心是 preBötzinger 复合体 (preBötC)，它通过一种意想不到的复杂紧急机制驱动吸气节律。 preBötC 节律发生的同步动力学使系统具有鲁棒性和不稳定性。这些动态受到来自整个大脑的输入的调节，并产生广泛分布的有节奏的、模式化的活动。这种连通性和新兴文献支持呼吸、情绪和认知之间的联系，这种联系正在变得可以通过实验来处理。这些进展为阐明呼吸和其他哺乳动物神经回路的功能和功能障碍带来了巨大的潜力。