This paper investigates the dynamic recovery policies for liner shipping services with the consideration of buffer time allocation and uncertainties. The aim of this study was to allocate the buffer time at the tactical level and then determine optimal options of actions, including speed optimisation strategy, port skipping and acceleration rate choice, for recovering from disruptions due to various uncertainties or random adverse events, which cause vessel delays. To achieve this, an attempt was made to obtain the optimal balance among economic, environmental and service reliability objectives. A novel mathematical formulation is introduced to solve the robust vessel scheduling problem with short- and long-term decisions. Furthermore, two heuristics were tested to solve the proposed model. Experiments on a container liner shipping service showed the validity of the model and a set of managerial insights were gained from them.

中文翻译：

---

具有缓冲时间的多目标班轮运输服务中的动态恢复动作

本文研究了考虑缓冲时间分配和不确定性的班轮运输服务动态恢复政策。本研究的目的是在战术层面分配缓冲时间，然后确定最佳行动选项，包括速度优化策略、港口跳跃和加速率选择，以从各种不确定性或随机不利事件造成的中断中恢复，这会导致船只延误。为了实现这一目标，我们尝试在经济、环境和服务可靠性目标之间取得最佳平衡。引入了一种新的数学公式来解决具有短期和长期决策的鲁棒船舶调度问题。此外，测试了两种启发式方法来解决所提出的模型。