The brain, as one of the most lipid-rich organs, heavily relies on lipid transport and distribution to maintain homeostasis and neuronal function. Lipid transport mediated by lipoprotein particles, which are complex structures composed of apolipoproteins and lipids, has been thoroughly characterized in the periphery. Although lipoproteins in the central nervous system (CNS) were reported over half a century ago, the identification of APOE4 as the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease has accelerated investigation of the biology and pathobiology of lipoproteins in the CNS. This review provides an overview of the different components of lipoprotein particles, in particular apolipoproteins, and their involvements in both physiological functions and pathological mechanisms in the CNS.

中文翻译：

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中枢神经系统中的脂蛋白：从生物学到病理生物学

大脑作为脂质最丰富的器官之一，严重依赖脂质运输和分布来维持体内平衡和神经元功能。脂蛋白颗粒介导的脂质转运是由载脂蛋白和脂质组成的复杂结构，已在外周得到了彻底的表征。尽管中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的脂蛋白在半个多世纪前就已被报道，但 APOE4 被鉴定为阿尔茨海默病最强的遗传危险因素加速了对中枢神经系统中脂蛋白的生物学和病理学的研究。本综述概述了脂蛋白颗粒的不同成分，特别是载脂蛋白，及其在中枢神经系统生理功能和病理机制中的作用。