ABSTRACT

This article aims to frame Neapoltan general Guglielmo Pepe’s presence in Spain and Portugal after the deep revolutionary wave in Southern Europe in 1820–1. It was a conjunction, which was influenced by a positive perception towards soldiers and military elements, marked by the memory of Napoleonic Wars. First, the national honourable soldier-citizen image, which was forged since the 1790s, will be analysed. After Waterloo, political trips by the members of the “Liberal International” were continuous before, during and after revolutions inspired by the Cadiz Constitution, which in the Spanish and Portuguese cases lasted until 1823. These Iberian countries acted as crucial refuges for political émigrés and their subsequent exiles. Pepe was the most important revolutionary reference which visited them, fleeing from Naples, and trying to defend and expand European liberal-constitutional systems. His activity founding secret societies will be another focus of this article.

摘要

本文旨在描述那不勒斯将军 Guglielmo Pepe 在 1820-1 年南欧的深刻革命浪潮之后在西班牙和葡萄牙的存在。这是一个合相，受到对士兵和军事元素的积极看法的影响，以对拿破仑战争的记忆为标志。首先，对1790年代以来形成的国家光荣军人公民形象进行分析。在滑铁卢之后，“自由国际”成员的政治旅行在加的斯宪法所激发的革命之前、期间和之后不断进行，在西班牙和葡萄牙的情况下，该宪法一直持续到 1823 年。这些伊比利亚国家是政治移民和政治移民的重要避难所。他们随后的流放。佩佩是访问他们的最重要的革命参考，逃离那不勒斯，并试图捍卫和扩大欧洲的自由宪法体系。他创建秘密社团的活动将是本文的另一个重点。