Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit large-scale recording of neural activity and dynamics of neurochemical release with unprecedented resolution in behaving animals. Calcium imaging with highly optimized genetically encoded indicators provides a mesoscopic view of neural activity from genetically defined populations at cellular and subcellular resolutions. Rigorously improved voltage sensors and microscopy allow for robust spike imaging of populational neurons in various brain regions. In addition, recent protein engineering efforts in the past few years have led to the development of sensors for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Here, we discuss the development and applications of these genetically encoded fluorescent indicators in reporting neural activity in response to various behaviors in different biological systems as well as in drug discovery. We also report a simple model to guide sensor selection and optimization.

中文翻译：

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使用基因编码传感器对神经活动、神经化学动力学和药物特异性受体构象进行荧光成像

荧光成像的最新进展允许以前所未有的分辨率大规模记录行为动物的神经活动和神经化学物质释放的动态。具有高度优化的基因编码指标的钙成像以细胞和亚细胞分辨率提供基因定义群体的神经活动的介观视图。经过严格改进的电压传感器和显微镜可以对不同大脑区域的群体神经元进行稳定的尖峰成像。此外，过去几年蛋白质工程的努力促进了神经递质和神经调节剂传感器的发展。在这里，我们讨论这些基因编码荧光指示剂在报告不同生物系统中不同行为的神经活动以及药物发现中的开发和应用。我们还报告了一个简单的模型来指导传感器选择和优化。