Abstract

Objective COVID-19 and lockdown measures impacted mental health globally and had a particular impact on patients with substance use disorders (SUD). However, the impact of gender, age, and dual diagnosis on consumption patterns and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among patients with SUD has not been analyzed in depth. Therefore, this study aimed to examine substance use and mental health status during COVID-19 lockdown considering gender, age, and previous dual diagnosis in patients with SUD treated in different outpatient addiction clinics in Catalonia. Methods: Thirteen clinics participated and 588 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 70.7% were men and 29.3% were women. The mean age was 48 ± 11.3 years, and 63.2% had dual diagnoses. Results: Men reported significantly more frequent alcohol and cocaine consumption during lockdown, while women experienced more anxiety and depressive symptoms. Younger patients more frequently reported consuming cocaine and cannabis, breaking the lockdown rule, worsened family relationships, and reduced incomes. Older patients more frequently reported maintaining abstinence. Previous dual diagnosis was more often associated with benzodiazepine use disorder, less active working during lockdown, and more anxiety and depressive symptoms than not having previous dual diagnosis. Conclusions: Both new psychiatric symptoms and general worsening of existing symptoms were frequent during the lockdown. Differences based on the gender, age, and dual diagnosis of outpatients treated for substance use disorders should be considered in the planning of protection measures such as home confinement.

摘要

目标COVID-19 和封锁措施影响了全球的心理健康，并对物质使用障碍 (SUD) 患者产生了特殊影响。然而，尚未深入分析 SUD 患者 COVID-19 封锁期间性别、年龄和双重诊断对消费模式和心理健康的影响。因此，本研究旨在考虑在加泰罗尼亚不同门诊成瘾诊所接受治疗的 SUD 患者的性别、年龄和以前的双重诊断，检查 COVID-19 锁定期间的物质使用和心理健康状况。方法： 13家诊所参与，588名患者入组，其中男性占70.7%，女性占29.3%。平均年龄为 48 ± 11.3 岁，63.2% 有双重诊断。结果：男性报告说在封锁期间饮酒和可卡因的消费频率明显更高，而女性则出现更多的焦虑和抑郁症状。年轻患者更频繁地报告消费可卡因和大麻，违反封锁规则，家庭关系恶化，收入减少。老年患者更频繁地报告保持禁欲。与以前没有双重诊断相比，以前的双重诊断更常与苯二氮卓类药物使用障碍、锁定期间工作活动较少以及更多的焦虑和抑郁症状相关。结论：在封锁期间，新的精神症状和现有症状的普遍恶化都很常见。在制定居家隔离等保护措施时，应考虑基于性别、年龄和门诊药物使用障碍患者双重诊断的差异。