The distribution of HIV cases varies cross-nationally. We separate the influences of Islam at the macro- and micro-levels to understand the role of religion in shaping the spread of HIV. Drawing on biomarker data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we construct a multilevel database (Individual N = 568,476; Country N = 30). We examine a series of national- and individual-level predictors that may mediate the relationship between Islam and testing HIV-positive. Individual religious affiliation and proportion Muslim retained their risk-reducing effects even when accounting for a range of mediators and suppressors. Islam has a sui generis effect on testing HIV-positive.

中文翻译：

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揭示伊斯兰宗教文化和个人宗教信仰对艾滋病毒阳性检测的影响

HIV 病例的分布因国家而异。我们将伊斯兰教在宏观和微观层面的影响区分开来，以了解宗教在塑造艾滋病毒传播中的作用。利用人口和健康调查中的生物标志物数据，我们构建了一个多级数据库（个人N = 568,476；国家N = 30）。我们研究了一系列国家和个人层面的预测因子，这些预测因子可能调节伊斯兰教与艾滋病毒检测呈阳性之间的关系。即使考虑到一系列调解人和压制者，个人的宗教信仰和穆斯林比例仍然保持其降低风险的效果。伊斯兰教对检测艾滋病毒呈阳性有独特的影响。