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Evolution of developmental timing as a driving force of brain diversity
Brain, Behavior and Evolution ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-28 , DOI: 10.1159/000524334
Rodrigo Suárez 1 , Andrew C Halley 2
Affiliation  

The question of how complex traits originate and diversify has marveled naturalists for millennia. From the notion of development as a series of transformations beyond ‘pre-formed’ growth by Aristotle, to von Baer’s recognition of phylogenetic differentiation that set the foundations of modern evo-devo thinking, a central theme has been the nature of biological change (and conservation) across temporal scales. Since the last universal common ancestors, recurrent series of ontogenies have negotiated conservation and change, thus generating the phylogenetic tree against the regularities of planetary rhythms (e.g., tides, days, seasons) as well as organismic dynamics (e.g., embryogenesis, metabolism, behavior). Accordingly, differences in the relative timing of developmental processes (i.e., heterochronies) have long been considered as a major source of evolutionary diversity. To further reflect upon the mechanisms by which changes in developmental timing have shaped brain evolution, the 32nd Annual Karger Workshop in Evolutionary Neuroscience included a diverse panel of speakers to address the topic of Heterochrony in Comparative Neurodevelopment. This Special Edition of Brain Behavior Evolution is a collection of articles contributed by these speakers around this central theme. The contributed papers are quite diverse in their focus, their methods, and the insights they provide. However, a common thread in these reflections is the understanding of organisms as dynamic systems, embedded within an ecological context, which arise via an epigenetic process of developmental transformations, and consist of coherent yet dissociable modules. Evolution takes place by a differential tinkering of these developmental processes, generating innovations within the constraints of an organism’s viability. Our understanding of how development affects evolution has moved beyond a simplistic dichotomy of genotype-phenotype to incorporate the many contexts in which variation can result in the conservation of new contingencies. In our view, this collection of articles builds upon these notions to highlight some of the mechanisms by which heterochrony, understood as a consequence of the evolution of developmental processes rather than a developmental process in and of itself, has contributed to the generation of diversity in complex brain features.


中文翻译:

发育时间的演变作为大脑多样性的驱动力

几千年来,复杂性状如何起源和多样化的问题让博物学家惊叹不已。从亚里士多德将发展视为超越“预先形成的”生长的一系列转变的概念,到 von Baer 对奠定现代进化思维基础的系统发育分化的认识,中心主题一直是生物变化的本质(以及保护)跨时间尺度。自最后一个普遍的共同祖先以来,反复出现的一系列个体发育已经协商保护和变化,从而产生了违背行星节律(例如潮汐、日子、季节)以及有机体动力学(例如胚胎发生、新陈代谢、行为)规律的系统发育树)。因此,发育过程的相对时间差异(即,异时性)长期以来一直被认为是进化多样性的主要来源。为了进一步反思发育时间变化影响大脑进化的机制,第 32 届进化神经科学年度 Karger 研讨会包括一个多元化的演讲者小组,以讨论比较神经发育中的异时性主题。本期《大脑行为进化》特别版是这些演讲者围绕这一中心主题撰写的文章集。投稿的论文在关注点、方法和提供的见解方面非常多样化。然而,这些思考中的一个共同点是将有机体理解为动态系统,嵌入在生态环境中,通过发育转变的表观遗传过程产生,并由连贯但可分离的模块组成。进化是通过对这些发育过程的不同修补而发生的,在生物体生存能力的限制下产生创新。我们对发展如何影响进化的理解已经超越了基因型-表型的简单二分法,将变异可以导致新的意外事件保存的许多背景结合起来。我们认为,这一系列文章建立在这些概念的基础上,强调了异时性(被理解为发展过程演变的结果,而不是其本身的发展过程)通过这些机制促成了人类多样性的产生。复杂的大脑特征。在生物体生存能力的限制下产生创新。我们对发展如何影响进化的理解已经超越了基因型-表型的简单二分法,将变异可以导致新的意外事件保存的许多背景结合起来。我们认为,这一系列文章建立在这些概念的基础上,强调了异时性(被理解为发展过程演变的结果,而不是其本身的发展过程)通过这些机制促成了人类多样性的产生。复杂的大脑特征。在生物体生存能力的限制下产生创新。我们对发展如何影响进化的理解已经超越了基因型-表型的简单二分法,将变异可以导致新的意外事件保存的许多背景结合起来。我们认为,这一系列文章建立在这些概念的基础上,强调了异时性(被理解为发展过程演变的结果,而不是其本身的发展过程)通过这些机制促成了人类多样性的产生。复杂的大脑特征。我们对发展如何影响进化的理解已经超越了基因型-表型的简单二分法,将变异可以导致新的意外事件保存的许多背景结合起来。我们认为,这一系列文章建立在这些概念的基础上,强调了异时性(被理解为发展过程演变的结果,而不是其本身的发展过程)通过这些机制促成了人类多样性的产生。复杂的大脑特征。我们对发展如何影响进化的理解已经超越了基因型-表型的简单二分法,将变异可以导致新的意外事件保存的许多背景结合起来。我们认为,这一系列文章建立在这些概念的基础上,强调了异时性(被理解为发展过程演变的结果,而不是其本身的发展过程)通过这些机制促成了人类多样性的产生。复杂的大脑特征。
更新日期:2022-03-28
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