Anti-IgLON5 encephalopathy is a new and rare autoimmune encephalitis with unclear pathophysiology. In this study, we reported an unusual case of anti-IgLON5 encephalopathy with concomitant herpes virus encephalitis. A 51-year-old man with HLA-DQB1*05:01 and HLA-DRB1*10:01, who suffered from an episode of acute encephalitis, mental disorders, and memory impairment was admitted to our hospital. Human alpha herpes virus 1, human gamma herpes virus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus), and IgLON5-IgG were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating anti-IgLON5 encephalopathy with concomitant herpes virus encephalitis of this patient. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities in the left temporal lobe and enhancement in the hippocampus. A mild sleep disorder was also found by video polysomnography. The patient was then treated with antiviral drugs, intravenous immunoglobulins, methylprednisolone, and protein A immunoadsorption. After treatment, the patient’s clinical symptoms were partially improved. This is the first reported case of anti-IgLON5 encephalopathy with concomitant herpes virus encephalitis.
Neuroimmunomodulation

中文翻译：

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抗 IgLON5 脑病伴有疱疹病毒性脑炎

抗 IgLON5 脑病是一种新型且罕见的自身免疫性脑炎，其病理生理学机制尚不明确。在这项研究中，我们报告了一例不寻常的抗 IgLON5 脑病并伴有疱疹病毒脑炎的病例。一位患有 HLA-DQB1*05:01 和 HLA-DRB1*10:01 的 51 岁男性因急性脑炎发作、精神障碍和记忆障碍入院。在脑脊液中检测到人 α 疱疹病毒 1、人 γ 疱疹病毒 4（Epstein-Barr 病毒）和 IgLON5-IgG，表明该患者存在抗 IgLON5 脑病并伴有疱疹病毒脑炎。脑磁共振成像显示左颞叶 T2 高信号和海马体增强。视频多导睡眠图也发现了轻度睡眠障碍。患者随后接受了抗病毒药物、静脉注射免疫球蛋白、甲泼尼龙和蛋白 A 免疫吸附治疗。治疗后，患者的临床症状得到部分改善。这是第一例报告的抗 IgLON5 脑病伴有疱疹病毒脑炎的病例。
神经免疫调节