Mining, especially nickel mining, has a long history in New Caledonia and cannot be separated from the trajectory of this territory as a settler colony. However, the construction of mining as a political stake and resource in the New Caledonian public arenas has come surprisingly late, only emerging explicitly in the 1990s as pro-independence parties pushed the issue to the fore in their negotiations with the French state and anti-independence parties. Nickel mining and processing became part of the claim for sovereignty in the form of a ‘resource nationalism’ discourse. This paper discusses the multi-layered nature of sovereignty through the theoretical propositions of Richard Joyce on ‘competing sovereignties’ (2013) to illustrate both the complexities of a decolonization situation that has lasted for 20 years and the challenges posed to sovereignty by mining.

中文翻译：

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新喀里多尼亚的采矿和竞争主权

采矿，尤其是镍矿的开采，在新喀里多尼亚有着悠久的历史，离不开这片领土作为定居者殖民地的轨迹。然而，将采矿建设作为新喀里多尼亚公共场所的政治利益和资源出人意料地晚了，直到 1990 年代才明确出现，因为支持独立的政党在与法国政府和反独立政党。镍矿开采和加工以“资源民族主义”话语的形式成为主权主张的一部分。