Hot carrier solar cells (HCSCs) were first proposed many decades ago. Over the intervening years, there has been a continuing quest to create these cells that hold promise to shatter the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit on single-junction solar cells. While there have been many positive and suggestive results in recent years, there remains no true operational HCSC. There are perhaps many reasons for this state. Here, many of the requirements for achieving such an HCSC will be discussed and some approaches will be modernized in terms of their science. Valley photovoltaics, in which carriers are transferred to higher-lying valleys of the conduction band will be described and the recent progress is discussed.

中文翻译：

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通往热载流子太阳能电池的途径

几十年前首次提出热载流子太阳能电池 (HCSC)。在随后的几年里，人们一直在不断寻求制造这些电池，这些电池有望打破单结太阳能电池的 Shockley-Queisser 效率限制。尽管近年来取得了许多积极和具有启发性的结果，但仍然没有真正可操作的 HCSC。这种状态可能有很多原因。在这里，将讨论实现此类 HCSC 的许多要求，并且将根据其科学对一些方法进行现代化改造。将描述谷光伏，其中载流子转移到导带的较高谷，并讨论最近的进展。