Abstract

Men convicted of rape are a heterogenous group among individuals with sexual offending history. This may contribute to the difficulty of establishing adequate treatment during institutionalization and preventing recidivism after release. Therefore, we aimed to identify an empirical typology of individuals convicted of rape based on (a) common criminological variables (age at first offense, number of prior convictions, relation to the victim), (b) offense behavior (alcoholization during the offense) and (c) clinical diagnoses (substance abuse and dependence, psychopathy, sexual sadism, Cluster B personality disorders, paraphilias, paraphilia-related disorders) associated with the risk of sexual offending. Data of N = 575 adult males with raping history were analyzed. We found four types with different profiles in the described variables: an antisocial impulsive, a sexualized, a highly violent and a non-criminal situational type. The types significantly varied in prognostic validity for violent, but not sexual, recidivism. Also, the typology exhibited a slightly higher predictive validity for violent recidivism than Static-99 scores. In contrast to Static-99, the typology failed to significantly predict sexual recidivism. Although the types explained more variance of violent recidivism than Static-99 scores, the value of applying a broad set of risk factors in contrast to combining only few are discussed.

摘要

被判强奸罪的男性是具有性犯罪历史的个体中的一个异质群体。这可能导致难以在收容期间建立适当的治疗和防止出狱后再犯。因此，我们的目的是根据 (a) 常见的犯罪学变量（初犯年龄、前科数量、与受害人的关系）、(b) 犯罪行为（犯罪期间饮酒），确定被判强奸罪的个人的实证类型学(c) 与性犯罪风险相关的临床诊断（药物滥用和依赖、精神病、性虐待、B 类人格障碍、性倒错、性倒错相关障碍）。分析了 N = 575 名有强奸史的成年男性的数据。我们在描述的变量中发现了四种具有不同配置文件的类型：反社会冲动，性化，高度暴力和非犯罪情境类型。这些类型对暴力累犯的预后有效性有显着差异，但对性累犯没有影响。此外，与 Static-99 分数相比，该类型学对暴力累犯的预测有效性略高。与 Static-99 相比，类型学未能显着预测性累犯。尽管这些类型比 Static-99 分数更多地解释了暴力累犯的差异，但讨论了应用广泛的风险因素与仅组合少数风险因素相比的价值。与 Static-99 分数相比，该类型学对暴力累犯的预测有效性略高。与 Static-99 相比，类型学未能显着预测性累犯。尽管这些类型比 Static-99 分数更多地解释了暴力累犯的差异，但讨论了应用广泛的风险因素与仅组合少数风险因素相比的价值。与 Static-99 分数相比，该类型学对暴力累犯的预测有效性略高。与 Static-99 相比，类型学未能显着预测性累犯。尽管这些类型比 Static-99 分数更多地解释了暴力累犯的差异，但讨论了应用广泛的风险因素与仅组合少数风险因素相比的价值。