ABSTRACT

Recently several European countries shifted to illiberalism and made attempts to dominate the media and political narratives. The question we raise is how media populism in Hungary contributes to the buttressing of the regime by discrediting protests. We offer a four-level media analysis. First, we ask whether the pro-government media is characterized by so-called selection bias. Second, we focus on framingbias relying on ideas presented by the protest paradigm. Third, we highlight the tone of disdain that characterizes numerous pro-governmental utterances. Finally, we point out the significance of iconic frames. Contrary to our expectations, we found no selection bias, but there was a clear framing bias in pro-governmental media, which was made harsher by the derogatory tone of pro-governmental media and the dog-whistling produced by iconic frames. By identifying how media populism operates, our aim is to offer a way to grasp democratic backsliding by concentrating on the media.

摘要

最近，一些欧洲国家转向反自由主义，并试图主导媒体和政治叙事。我们提出的问题是，匈牙利的媒体民粹主义如何通过诋毁抗议活动来支持政权。我们提供四级媒体分析。首先，我们询问亲政府媒体是否具有所谓的选择偏见。其次，我们关注依赖于抗议范式提出的观点的框架偏见。第三，我们强调了许多亲政府言论所特有的轻蔑语气。最后，我们指出了标志性框架的重要性。与我们的预期相反，我们没有发现选择偏见，但在亲政府媒体中存在明显的框架偏见，亲政府媒体的贬损语气和标志性框架产生的狗哨声使这一点变得更加严厉。通过确定媒体民粹主义的运作方式，我们的目标是提供一种通过专注于媒体来把握民主倒退的方法。