Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the topmost widely used metallic oxide nanoparticles. Whether present in naked form or doped with metals or polymers, TiO2 NPs perform immensely important functions. However, the alteration in size and shape by doping results in improving the physical, chemical, and biological behaviour of TiO2 NPs. Hence, the differential effects of various TiO2 nanostructures including nanoflakes, nanoflowers, and nanotubes in various domains of biotechnology have been elucidated by researchers. Recently, the exponential growth of research activities regarding TiO2 NPs has been observed owing to their chemical stability, low toxicity, and multifaceted properties. Because of their enormous abundance, plants, humans, and environment are inevitably exposed to TiO2 NPs. These NPs play a significant role in improving agricultural attributes, removing environmental pollution, and upgrading the domain of nanomedicine. Therefore, the currently ongoing studies about the employment of TiO2 NPs in enhancement of different aspects of agriculture, environment, and medicine have been extensively discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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多功能二氧化钛纳米粒子的多种生物技术应用：最新综述。

二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米粒子（NPs）是最广泛使用的金属氧化物纳米粒子之一。无论是裸露形式还是掺杂金属或聚合物，二氧化钛纳米颗粒都发挥着极其重要的功能。然而，通过掺杂改变尺寸和形状会改善 TiO2 NPs 的物理、化学和生物学行为。因此，研究人员已经阐明了各种 TiO2 纳米结构（包括纳米薄片、纳米花和纳米管）在生物技术的各个领域中的不同效应。最近，由于 TiO2 NPs 的化学稳定性、低毒性和多方面的特性，已观察到有关 TiO2 NPs 的研究活动呈指数增长。由于它们的丰富性，植物、人类和环境不可避免地暴露于 TiO2 NPs。这些纳米颗粒在改善农业属性、消除环境污染、升级纳米医学领域等方面发挥着重要作用。因此，目前正在进行的关于使用 TiO2 NPs 增强农业、环境和医学不同方面的研究在这篇综述中得到了广泛的讨论。