Abstract

This study investigates the long-run relationship between technological change and unemployment, focusing on a gender perspective in developed economies. Considering the obstacles women face in accessing labor markets, this study aims to empirically combine the technological change and unemployment nexus with a gender perspective in 20 OECD economies from 1985 to 2019 by using multifactor productivity (MFP) as a proxy for technological change. The findings from Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test and Pedroni's Panel-Dynamic Ordinary Least-Squares (PDOLS) estimator indicate the presence of a long-run relationship between MFP and unemployment rate with diversified gender effects. Even though MFP affects total and male unemployment significantly and negatively in the long run, there is no significant effect on female unemployment for the whole panel. However, the findings by economies are diversified and they indicate the presence of technological unemployment for women in some economies. Thus, the empirical results clearly show that the long-run relationship between MFP and unemployment is affected by gender differences.

摘要

本研究调查了技术变革与失业之间的长期关系，重点关注发达经济体的性别观点。考虑到女性在进入劳动力市场方面面临的障碍，本研究旨在通过使用多要素生产率 (MFP) 作为技术变革的代表，将 1985 年至 2019 年 20 个经合组织经济体的技术变革和失业关系与性别视角结合起来。Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test 和 Pedroni 的 Panel-Dynamic Ordinary Least-Squares (PDOLS) 估计量的结果表明，MFP 与失业率之间存在长期关系，具有多种性别效应。尽管从长远来看，MFP 对总失业率和男性失业率有显着的负面影响，对整个小组的女性失业率没有显着影响。然而，各经济体的调查结果是多样化的，它们表明在一些经济体中存在女性的技术失业问题。因此，实证结果清楚地表明，MFP 与失业之间的长期关系受到性别差异的影响。