Abstract:

In Russian, agreement with quantified subjects varies between plural (= semantic) and singular (= grammatical, default, impersonal) agreement, and there is ample evidence that this variation is governed by semantic and pragmatic factors (such as topicality and animacy of the subject). Although Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian follows stricter normative rules, variation does occur and is motivated similarly to Russian. Polish seems at odds with the paradigm of these languages. First, the grammar of contemporary Polish does not allow for variation in agreement with quantified subjects. Second, semantic agreement is available only with non-virile nouns in paucal numbers, while virile nouns require grammatical agreement (e.g., dwie kobiety przyszłyPL 'two women came' but dwóch mężczyzn przyszłoSG 'two men came'). This paper offers a way to integrate the Polish data into the Russian and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian picture by drawing on historical and contemporary empirical evidence. Specifically, it offers a short analysis of variation between the nominative and oblique masculine forms of paucal numbers (dwaj vs. dwóch).

摘要：

在俄语中，与量化主题的一致性在复数（=语义）和单数（=语法，默认，非人称）一致性之间变化，并且有充分的证据表明这种差异受语义和语用因素（例如主题的话题性和活力）的支配）。尽管波斯尼亚语/克罗地亚语/塞尔维亚语遵循更严格的规范规则，但确实会发生变化，并且与俄语类似。波兰语似乎与这些语言的范式不一致。首先，当代波兰语的语法不允许与量化的主题不一致。其次，语义一致仅适用于少数的非男性名词，而男性名词需要语法一致（例如，dwie kobiety przyszłyPL 'two women come' but dwóch mężczyzn przyszłoSG'两个男人来了'）。本文通过借鉴历史和当代经验证据，提供了一种将波兰数据整合到俄罗斯和波斯尼亚/克罗地亚/塞尔维亚图景中的方法。具体来说，它简要分析了保氏数的主格和斜阳性形式之间的变化（dwaj与dwóch）。