Data associated with the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) are often studied for evidence of discrimination in terms of minority applicants or for home location in minority neighborhoods, with mixed results. The present analysis utilizes a data set covering 2014–2016, combining characteristics of home location and applicants from the HMDA data with information on depositor characteristics from the Federal Insurance Deposit Corporation's Summary of Deposits data and the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Consistent with predictions from the red‐lining literature, loan acceptance rates are adversely influenced by high minority locations, although the effect is larger for minority applicants. The relationship banking literature predicts that community banks will yield higher rates of loan acceptance, and the results support that hypothesis. That same literature suggests that familiarity in terms of similar race/ethnicity characteristics for depositors and home location or loan applicants will yield a loan acceptance advantage; and that hypothesis is not supported. Subsidiary analyses suggest that market competition improves loan acceptance rates for minority applicants, consistent with models of discrimination. Additionally, minority depositors are associated positively with loan acceptance rates, which may reflect higher levels of bank risk, and a risk premium, in those markets.

中文翻译：

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与银行储户和抵押贷款申请有关的种族

与《住房抵押贷款披露法》（HMDA）相关的数据经常被研究，以寻找少数族裔申请人或少数族裔社区的家庭位置方面的歧视证据，结果好坏参半。本分析使用了一个涵盖 2014-2016 年的数据集，将 HMDA 数据中的家庭位置和申请人特征与联邦保险存款公司的存款摘要数据和人口普查局的美国社区调查中的存款人特征信息相结合。与红线文献的预测一致，贷款接受率受到高少数族裔地点的不利影响，尽管对少数族裔申请人的影响更大。关系银行文献预测社区银行将产生更高的贷款接受率，结果支持该假设。同样的文献表明，存款人、居住地或贷款申请人在类似种族/民族特征方面的熟悉程度将产生贷款接受优势；并且不支持该假设。附属分析表明，市场竞争提高了少数族裔申请人的贷款接受率，这与歧视模型一致。此外，少数储户与贷款接受率呈正相关，这可能反映了这些市场中较高的银行风险和风险溢价。附属分析表明，市场竞争提高了少数族裔申请人的贷款接受率，这与歧视模型一致。此外，少数储户与贷款接受率呈正相关，这可能反映了这些市场中较高的银行风险和风险溢价。附属分析表明，市场竞争提高了少数族裔申请人的贷款接受率，这与歧视模型一致。此外，少数储户与贷款接受率呈正相关，这可能反映了这些市场中较高的银行风险和风险溢价。