The paper focuses on a recent challenge brought forward against the interventionist approach to the meaning of counterfactual conditionals. According to this objection, interventionism cannot account for the interpretation of right-nested counterfactuals, the problem being its strict interventionism. We will report on the results of an empirical study supporting the objection. Furthermore, we will extend the well-known logic of intervention with a new operator expressing an alternative notion of intervention that does away with strict interventionism (and thus can account for some critical examples). This new notion of intervention operates on the valuation of the variables in a causal model, and not on their functional dependencies.

本文重点关注最近对反事实条件句含义的干预主义方法提出的挑战。根据这一反对意见，干预主义不能解释右嵌套反事实的解释，问题在于其严格的干预主义。我们将报告支持这一反对意见的实证研究的结果。此外，我们将扩展众所周知的干预逻辑，用一个新的运算符表达一种替代的干预概念，该概念消除了严格的干预主义（因此可以解释一些关键的例子）。这种新的干预概念对因果模型中的变量进行评估，而不是基于它们的功能依赖关系。