This article puts forth ‘discoursing sectarianism’ as an approach helping overcome gaps in essentialism, instrumentalism and constructivism as the three main lines of analysing sectarianism. The approach takes language as a point of departure, showing how it can dually describe reality as a ‘neutral’ medium of communication and also create reality as constitutive component of practices sectarianisation. The approach also focuses on workings of ideology and power relations as part of linking language, texted in variable formats such as written speeches, monuments or images, with contexts shaping or being shaped with them. Thus, we have to study manifestations or articulations sectarianism, e.g. a speech or an image, within the broader process of their actualisation or materialisation (e.g. the context in which these articulations are enforced, transformed, challenged or falsified). This broader process of discoursing sectarianism within language and beyond can thus accommodate elements predominating analyses in the three other lines of enquiry such as religion and history. The final section of the paper maps a practical and analytical toolkit for researchers and analysts seeking to investigate sectarian discourses by offering the three mutually inclusive levels of textual practices, discursive practices and political practices.

中文翻译：

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“谈论宗派主义”方法：在宗派话语中分析什么以及如何分析

本文提出了“论述宗派主义”作为一种方法，有助于克服本质主义、工具主义和建构主义作为分析宗派主义的三大主线之间的差距。该方法以语言为出发点，展示了它如何将现实双重描述为“中立”的交流媒介，并创造现实作为实践宗派化的组成部分。该方法还侧重于意识形态和权力关系的运作，作为链接语言的一部分，以书面演讲、纪念碑或图像等可变格式发短信，上下文塑造或被塑造。因此，我们必须研究宗派主义的表现形式或表达方式，例如演讲或图像，在其实现或物化的更广泛过程中（例如，这些表达方式被强制执行、转换、挑战或伪造的背景）。因此，这种在语言内外讨论宗派主义的更广泛过程可以容纳在其他三个探究领域（如宗教和历史）中占主导地位的元素。